Model-based approach, video tracking procedure: spatially coherent algorithm
Advantages: Method can deal with inconsistencies in the appearance of the IMC over the cardiac cycle. Robustness with respect to data captured under different imaging conditions.
FA
MAD
80 sec (8 sec in 1st frame & 72 sec in tracking 28 frames)
Advantages: It is less likely to be affected by noise, compensates the holes or missing boundaries, and can estimate the missing LI interface boundary. Limitations: The method would work fine for early thickening of IMC but fails for irregular boundaries in the presence of plaques and eliminates minor details.
Advantages: Complete automation, robustness to noise, and real-time computation. Limitations: Robustness with respect to noise, but the LI/MA representation is less accurate.
Advantages: Robust to a reasonable variability in the initialization, lowest tracing error for LI & MA, method is not sensitive to the degree of stenosis or calcification. Limitations: Depends on initial segmentation
Advantages: Reasonable average computation time, robust to the estimation procedures. Limitations: Method suitable for healthy arteries, extensive tuning & training, so computational cost is high, for different scanner requires retraining & retuning.
Advantages: Suited for fast real-time implementation, operator can have immediate feedback on the quality of the images. Limitations: Depends on ROI selection.
Advantages: No initial human setting, capable of processing images of different quality, ambiguous cases user can intervene, and reduced interobserver variability. Limitations: Training required, for different scanner retraining needed, searched LI & MA interfaces may cross each other.
Advantages: Fully automated, low computational complexity; suitable for clinical purposes, human correction allowed. Limitations: Initial human setting & training required, fails for slanting IMC with weak boundary.
SA
MAD
—
0.03 ± 0.032
22
: number of images/cases, SA: semiautomated, FA: fully automated, SD: standard deviation, HD: Hausdorff distance, MAD: mean absolute distance, *video sequences, : average processing time/frame or image.