Healthcare Utilization and Costs of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Medicaid
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of SLE and non-SLE patients.
Before matching
Postmatching
SLE patients
Non-SLE patients
Standardized difference†
SLE patients
Non-SLE patients
Standardized difference†
N
14,777
341,182
14,262
14,262
Female
92.8%
66.9%
68.2
92.6%
92.4%
0.6
Mean age (SD)
45.4 (14.3)
48.3 (20.4)
−16.6
45.4 (14.4)
48.0 (14.9)
−17.5
Insurance plan type: fee for service
70.6%
69.7%
2
70.5%
72.3%
−3.9
Medicare dual eligibility
39.7%
39.8%
−0.2
39.6%
43.2%
−7.4
Race
White
39.1%
41.1%
−4.2
39.4%
40.6%
−2.4
Black
36.6%
21.0%
35
36.1%
34.6%
3.2
Hispanic
11.4%
21.6%
−27.8
11.5%
10.7%
2.7
Other/missing
13.0%
16.3%
−9.4
13.0%
14.2%
−3.5
Basis of eligibility
Aged (≥65 years)
6.5%
20.6%
−42.2
6.7%
7.6%
−3.3
Blind/disabled
64.6%
36.0%
59.5
63.9%
67.6%
−7.9
Adult
22.0%
36.0%
−31.3
22.5%
19.0%
8.7
Other
6.9%
7.3%
−1.4
6.9%
5.8.0%
4.5
Length of followup (months, mean, SD)
38.8 (20.4)
33.6 (18.1)
26.57
38.7 (20.3)
38.0 (20.2)
3.72
Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index (mean, SD)
1.16 (1.39)
0.41 (1.01)
61.9
1.11 (1.33)
1.26 (1.80)
−9.4
Comorbid conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory polyarthropathies
10.6%
0.7%
43.6
8.7%
7.6%
4.1
Autoimmune thyroid disorders
0.1%
0.0%
3.7
0.1%
0.1%
0.9
Anemia
14.2%
3.4%
39.1
13.2%
13.4%
−0.6
Pericarditis
0.3%
0.0%
6.5
0.2%
0.1%
1.2
Raynaud’s syndrome
1.2%
0.0%
14.9
0.7%
0.4%
3.2
Thrombocytopenia
1.8%
0.2%
16.6
1.6%
1.4%
1.7
Myositis
9.8%
1.3%
37.9
8.9%
8.5%
1.4
Hypertension
30.2%
15.9%
34.5
29.2%
32.1%
−6.5
Renal disease
7.5%
1.8%
27.3
6.9%
6.7%
0.7
Depression
15.7%
8.0%
23.8
15.3%
16.1%
−2.1
Cardiac disease
24.3%
10.8%
36.2
23.3%
25.3%
−4.6
Cerebrovascular disease
4.8%
2.6%
11.5
4.7%
4.9%
−1.2
Liver disease
2.1%
0.8%
11
2.0%
2.2%
−1.2
Pulmonary disease
17.5%
8.3%
27.6
17.0%
18.9%
−4.8
Nephritis*
4.7%
0.5%
26.7
4.1%
3.5%
3.4
Concomitant medications of interest**
3.5%
2.2%
7.7
3.5%
3.3%
0.8
†The absolute value of standardized difference <10 is a good match.
*Nephritis was not included in renal disease.
**Concomitant medications include hydralazine, quinidine, procainamide, phenytoin, isoniazid, and d-penicillamine.
