Alleviation of Hyperglycemia Induced Vascular Endothelial Injury by Exenatide Might Be Related to the Reduction of Nitrooxidative Stress

Figure 1

The rats DM models had been successfully established and treatment with exenatide decreased fasting glucose levels in DM rats. (a) The changes of OGTT. High fat diet induced a significant increase in blood glucose levels in every time point. (b) Fasting insulin levels (FIns). High fat diet induced a significant increase in fasting insulin levels. (c) The changes of AUC. High fat diet induced a significant increase in AUC (AUC=FG/2+(0.5h+1h+2h) glucose). (d) HOMA insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). High fat diet induced a significant increase in HOMA-IR (HOMA-IR =FIns (𝜇U×10⁻³/L)×FG (mmol/L)/22.5). (e) Fasting glucose (FG) levels. DM induced a significant increase in fasting glucose levels, and treatment with exenatide for 45 days significantly decreased fasting glucose levels. In (a), (b), (c), and (d), CON 𝑛=7 and FD 𝑛=27. In (e) CON 𝑛=7; DM, 𝐸_min, and 𝐸_max  𝑛=9. **𝑃<0.01 versus CON; ^##𝑃<0.01 versus DM, mean ± SEM.