Coagulation Proteins Influencing Global Coagulation Assays in Cirrhosis: Hypercoagulability in Cirrhosis Assessed by Thrombomodulin-Induced Thrombin Generation Assay
Table 1
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients and controls.
Cirrhotic patients
Controls ()
Total
MELD < 20
MELD 20–25
MELD > 25
**
P value
()
()
()
()
Age (years)
54 (50–62.50)
57.5 (52–66.75)
55 (50–67)
59 (57–68.5)
57 (47–65)
0.050
Gender
Male
43 (58.9%)
99 (63.5%)
52 (65.8%)
23 (62.2%)
25 (61.0%)
0.852
Female
30 (41.1%)
57 (36.5%)
27 (34.2%)
14 (37.8%)
16 (39.0%)
Etiology of cirrhosis
ALD
16 (10.3%)
6 (7.7%)
3 (8.1%)
7 (17.1%)
HCV
4 (2.6%)
2 (2.6%)
0 (0.0%)
2 (22.0%)
HBV
16 (10.3%)
13 (16.7%)
0 (0.0%)
3 (56.1%)
0.406
Cryptogenic
40 (25.6%)
26 (33.3%)
12 (32.4%)
2 (4.9%)
HCV and HCC
20 (12.8%)
6 (7.7%)
7 (18.9%)
7 (0.0%)
HBV and HCC
60 (38.5%)
25 (32.1%)
15 (40.5%)
20 (0.0%)
Child-Pugh B
84 (53.8%)
65 (82.3%)
13 (35.1%)
6 (14.6%)
<0.001
Child-Pugh C
72 (46.2%)
13 (16.5%)
24 (64.9%)
35 (85.4%)
<0.001
AST (IU/L)
25.0 (19.0–30.0)
49.5* (31.3–95.3)
37.0 (28.0–63.0)
47.0 (29.0–80.5)
100.0 (48.0–295.0)
<0.001
ALT (IU/L)
24.0 (19.0–34.0)
32.5* (20.0–68.8)
28.0 (19.0–53.0)
23.0 (18.0–39.0)
64.0 (26.5–107.5)
0.001
ALP (IU/L)
50.0 (43.0–61.0)
99.0* (70.3–153.0)
92.0 (67.0–139.0)
97.0 (69.0–121.5)
122.0 (90.5–254.0)
0.004
WBC (×109/L)
4.95 (4.28–5.85)
5.22 (3.60–12.10)
5.30 (3.49–9.20)
4.24 (3.27–4.59)
12.09 (5.20–18.84)
<0.001
Platelet (×109/L)
233 (203–282)
154*(48–128)
90 (61–187)
59 (41–87)
64 (44–88)
<0.001
Bilirubin (mg/dL)
1.0 (0.8–1.3)
3.2* (1.2–14.4)
1.7 (0.8–3.0)
5.7 (1.6–14.0)
18.0 (14.3–28.1)
<0.001
Albumin (g/L)
4.2 (4.0–4.3)
2.9* (2.5–3.3)
3.0 (2.9–3.5)
2.5 (2.4–3.3)
2.6 (2.4–2.9)
<0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.94 (0.79–1.02)
0.92 (0.67–1.26)
0.77 (0.62–0.95)
0.94 (0.60–1.40)
1.27 (0.96–2.24)
<0.001
PT (s)
10.9 (10.5–11.4)
23.1* (13.7–27.0)
66.0 (38.0–83.0)
32.0 (28.0–38.0)
35.0 (26.0–38.5)
<0.001
aPTT (s)
30.5 (29.2–33.0)
39.5* (33.4–48.3)
34.2 (30.3–44.4)
41.3 (38.5–57.2)
45.5 (39.2–64.3)
<0.001
Antithrombin (%)
107.7 (97.7–113.7)
47.6* (21.3–68.5)
59.9 (51.6–92.2)
24.3 (15.0–47.0)
21.1 (12.0–28.0)
<0.001
Protein C (%)
113.6 (103.7–122.0)
32.8* (13.6–53.1)
48.7 (36.0–65.5)
13.9 (10.8–37.2)
14.6 (11.4–20.3)
<0.001
Protein S (%)
93.7 (81.7–102.3)
54.5* (43.2–68.6)
54.9 (44.3–75.4)
49.2 (39.6–59.8)
55.9 (44.5–73.8)
0.213
Mann-Whitney test was used between controls and total patients of cirrhosis.
**The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for continuous variables and test for discrete variables among three cirrhosis subgroups. Data are expressed as the median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and number (percentage) for categorical variables unless indicated otherwise. ALD: alcoholic liver disease; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HBV: hepatitis B virus; PBC: primary biliary cirrhosis; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; WBC: white blood cell count; PLT: platelet count; INR: international normalized ratio; PT: prothrombin time; aPTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; MELD: model of end-stage liver disease.
