Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in a Cohort of HIV-Positive Patients Resident in Sicily, Italy
Table 2
Clinical, virological, and biochemical characteristics of 405 HBsAg-negative/HIV-infected individuals, according to the detection of occult HBV infection (a) and genotypic/serological characterization of 24 OBI positive subjects (b).
(a)
Characteristic ( (%), by column)
Total
HBV DNA negative
HBV DNA positive
CI95% or value
Study population ( (%), by row)
405
381 (94.1)
24 (5.9)
3.8–8.7%
Serological markers of infection□
No HBV markers
183 (45.2)
174 (95.1)
9 (4.9)
2.3–9.1%
Anti-HBs + anti-HBc
88 (21.7)
82 (93.2)
6 (6.8)
2.5–14.2%
Anti-HBc alone
71 (17.5)
63 (88.7)
8 (11.3)*,∆
5.0–21.0%
Anti-HBs alone
63 (15.6)
62 (98.4)
1 (1.6)
0.1–8.5%
Anti-HCV
98 (24.2)
95 (96.9)
3 (3.1)
0.6–8.7%
HIV viral load
HIV RNA [log10 copies/mL, median (IQR))
1.8 (3.0)
1.8 (3.0)
2.8 (3.1)
0.834
HIV RNA (≤50 copies/mL)
196 (47.9)
186 (94.9)
10 (5.1)
0.775
HAART regimen
Naïve
145 (35.8)
138 (95.2)
7 (4.8)
HAART including lamivudine
160 (39.5)
149 (93.1)
11 (6.9)
HAART without lamivudine
53 (13.1)
51 (96.2)
2 (3.8)
HAART not specified
47 (11.6)
43 (91.5)
4 (8.5)
Months of treatment (median (IQR))
55.2 (53.9)
54.9 (55.1)
58.1 (31.2)
0.954
Immunological parameters ()
cell counts (median (IQR))
390 (386)
388 (382)
419 (368)
0.758
≤200 cells/mL
79 (22.7)
75 (94.9)
4 (5.1)
201–499 cells/mL
143 (41.1)
136 (95.1)
7 (4.9)
≥500 cells/mL
126 (36.2)
117 (92.9)
9 (7.1)
(b)
Case no.
Sex
Age (years)
Geographic origin
Year of sampling
Risk factor
Anti-HBs
Anti-HBc
Anti-HCV
Genotype
1
F
22.3
Eastern Europe
2007
Hetero
−
−
−
D
2
F
26.8
Sub-Saharan Africa
2008
Hetero
−
+
−
D
3
F
36.2
Sub-Saharan Africa
2009
Hetero
−
−
−
D
4
M
41.0
Sub-Saharan Africa
2009
Hetero
−
+
−
E
5
M
40.0
Italy
2008
Hetero
−
+
−
D
6
M
51.8
Italy
2008
Hetero
+
+
−
D
7
F
42.6
Italy
2008
Hetero
−
−
−
D
8
F
30.3
Italy
2008
Hetero
−
−
−
D
9
M
43.9
Italy
2008
Hetero
−
−
+
D
10
M
34.4
Italy
2008
IVDU
+
+
−
D
11
F
38.0
Italy
2008
Hetero
−
+
−
D
12
M
47.8
Italy
2008
Omo
−
−
−
D
13
M
53.1
Italy
2009
IVDU
+
+
−
D
14
M
60.0
Italy
2009
Hetero
−
+
−
D
15
M
44.7
Italy
2009
Hetero
+
+
−
D
16
F
39.8
Italy
2009
Hetero
+
−
−
D
17
F
38.9
Italy
2009
Hetero
−
+
−
D
18
F
47.6
Italy
2009
Hetero
−
−
−
D
19
M
40.3
Italy
2009
Omo
−
−
−
D
20
M
43.2
Italy
2009
IVDU
−
+
+
D
21
F
39.4
Italy
2009
Hetero
+
+
−
D
22
M
35.2
Italy
2009
Omo
+
+
−
D
23
M
46.9
Italy
2009
Hetero
−
+
+
D
24
M
29.7
Italy
2009
Omo
−
−
−
D
□Frequency and pattern of HBV serological markers are not mutually exclusive.
*OR = 3.7 (1.4–9.8), Mantel-Haenszel OR adjusted for anti-HCV positivity. ∆OR = 4.0 (1.5–10.7), Mantel-Haenszel OR adjusted for anti-HCV positivity. Analysis restricted to 145 HAART-naïve patients. CI95%; 95% confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; IQR: interquartile range; Hetero: heterosexual; Omo: homosexual; IVDU: intravenous drug use.