Reproducibility of NMR Analysis of Urine Samples: Impact of Sample Preparation, Storage Conditions, and Animal Health Status
Figure 3
Effects of pH variation. Glucose, citrate, lactate, creatinine, PAG, and urea were measured in urine samples from natrosol-, furosemide-, or HCBD-treated rats by 1H NMR metabolite quantification. pH of the original samples varied from ~3 to 9, but much less after addition of phosphate buffer (6.62 to 7.64). Values given on the abscissa are initial pH values measured before addition of phosphate buffer ( per dot from pooled rat urine, for sample definition see Section 2.4). (a) Single metabolite quantification results are given as relative concentrations normalized to the original, not modified sample of each treatment. Values close to or below LLOQ (i.e., glucose and lactate concentrations in the samples from natrosol- and furosemide-treated rats) were excluded from evaluation. The pH values of the respective original samples were plotted as vertical dotted lines. The horizontal grey range (15%) and dotted horizontal lines (20%) show the range of variation stated as acceptable by the “Guidance for Industry” [12]. (b) Prediction of nephrotoxicity was performed using a metabonomics approach (ensemble classification system). For each sample a classifier value was given, labelling the given compound as “(non-)toxic”. The horizontal line at 0.5 is the limit for the prediction of nephrotoxicity, the dashed lines at 0.35 and 0.65 represent an “intermediate” range, related to the statistical significance of the prediction.
