| | Gene expression of oocyte-like cells developed in vitro from stem cells in humans | | Source | Critical culture condition | Expression of genes (method of detection) | References |
| | Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) | bFGF, feeder layer (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) | Premigratory/migratory genes related to pluripotency: IFITM3, DAZL, NANOG, POU5F1, postmigratory genes: PIWIL2, PUM2 and genes related to meiosis: SYCP3 and MLH1 (RT-PCR). | West et al., 2008 [3] |
| | hESCs | bFGF, feeder layer (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) | Germ cell-related gene DDX4 (VASA) and pluripotency-related POU5F1 (OCT4). (RT-PCR) | West et al., 2010 [4] |
| | hESCs | Ovarian fibroblasts | VASA, DAZL, GDF3, GDF9, MLH1, SCP1, PUM1, PUM2, POU5F1 (RT-PCR) | Richards et al., 2010 [5] |
| hESCs
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) | Culture medium with glutamine, 2-mercaptoethanol and bFGF | Early germ cell markers:VASA, DAZL, IFITM1, PRDM1A, GCNF, GDF3, CKIT, PELOTA
Late germ cell and meiotic markers: SCP3, MLH1, DMC1, GDF9, ZP4
(Biomark 96.96 microfluidic qPCR chip Fluidigm). | Medrano et al., 2012 [6] |
| hESCs
hiPSCs from keratinocytes and umbilical cord blood | Culture medium with retinoic acid, forskolin, and bFGF | OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4, C-MYC, DPPA4, DNMT3B, REX1, SALL2, LIN28, VASA,and STRA8 (RT-PCR)
Haploid cells confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosomes X, Y, and 18 | Eguizabal et al., 2011 [7] |
| | Stem cells from adult ovarian surface epithelium (hOSCs) | Culture medium with phenol red (weak estrogenic stimuli) | OCT4A, OCT4B, c-KIT, VASA, and ZP2 (RT-PCR) | Virant-Klun et al., 2008 [8] |
| | Stem cells from adult ovarian surface epithelium (hOSCs) | Culture medium with added follicular fluid | OCT4A, SOX-2, NANOG, NANOS, STELLA, CD9, LIN28, KLF4, GDF3, and MYC (Single-Cell Gene Expression Analyses by Fluidigm BioMark System) | Virant-Klun et al., 2011 [10] |
| | Amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) | Culture medium with glutamine, beta-mercaptoethanol, and porcine follicular fluid | BMP15, ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, c-kit, VASA (RT-PCR)
BMP15 was proposed as an important marker of oogenesis | Cheng et al., 2012 [11] |
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