Auditory Verbal Cues Alter the Perceived Flavor of Beverages and Ease of Swallowing: A Psychometric and Electrophysiological Analysis

Figure 4

A schematic illustration of the definitions of the parameters for analysis. A: the point at which the direction to swallow is given, B: the point at which the swallowing sound starts, C: the point at the peak of suprahyoid muscle power, D: the point at the peak of infrahyoid muscle power. (1) The latency of the swallowing sound = B − A, (2) the latency of suprahyoid muscle activity = C − A, (3) the latency of infrahyoid muscle activity = D − A, (4) the interval between the onset of the swallowing sound and the peak timing of infrahyoid muscle activity = D − B, (5) the maximum value of suprahyoid muscle activity = (5)′, which is the peak of suprahyoid muscle power/the average suprahyoid muscle power at rest, and (6) the maximum value of infrahyoid muscle activity = (6)′, which is the peak of infrahyoid muscle power/the average infrahyoid muscle power at rest. SH: suprahyoid muscle power, IH: infrahyoid muscle power.