Clinical Study
Effectiveness of Naltrexone in the Prevention of Delayed Respiratory Arrest in Opioid-Naive Methadone-Intoxicated Patients
Table 3
Patients clinical finding on arrival time (at ED).
| Characteristics | Total | NLTX | Placebo | P value | | |
| Loss of Consciousness | | | | | Nil | 28 (51.9%) | 16 (59.3%) | 12 (44.4%) | 0.15‡ | Grade I | 17 (31.5%) | 9 (33.3%) | 8 (29.6%) | | Grade II | 6 (11.1%) | 1 (3.7%) | 5 (18.5%) | | Grade III | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | | Grade IV | 2 (3.7%) | 1 (3.7%) | 1 (3.7%) | | Heart rate (Beat/min) | | | | | Mean ± SD | | | | 0.71† | Systolic BP (mmHg) | | | | | Mean ± SD | | | | 0.26† | Diastolic BP (mmHg) | | | | | Mean ± SD | | | | 0.47† | Temperature (°C) | | | | | Mean ± SD | | | | 0.40† | Pupil size | | | | | Normal | 12 (22.2%) | 7 (25.9%) | 5 (18.5%) | 0.51** | Miosis | 42 (77.8%) | 20 (74.1%) | 22 (81.5%) | | Mydriasis | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | | Dyspnea | 21 (38.9%) | 11 (40.7%) | 10 (37.0%) | 0.78* | Cyanosis | 13 (24.1%) | 7 (25.9%) | 6 (22.2%) | >0.99* | Bradypnea | 25 (46.3%) | 9 (33.3%) | 10 (37%) | 0.79* | Tachypnea (RR > 32/min) | 2 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (7.4%) | 0.49** | Apnea occurrence | 8 (14.8%) | 3 (11.1%) | 5 (18.5%) | 0.70** | Respiratory depression | 21 (38.9%) | 9 (33.3%) | 12 (44.4%) | 0.40* | Taking naloxone | 19 (35.2%) | 9 (33.3%) | 10 (37.0%) | 0.78* | Naloxone doses (mg) | | | | | Mean ± SD | 1.4 ± 1.5 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | <0.01‡ | ABG | | | | | pH | | | | | Mean ± SD | | | | 0.05† | pCO2 (mmHg) | | | | | Mean ± SD | | | | 0.09† | HCO3 (mmHg) | | | | | Mean ± SD | | | | 0.61† | paO2 (mmHg) | | | | | Mean ± SD | | | | 0.15† | O2 Saturation (%) | | | | | Mean ± SD | | | | 0.13‡ |
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Student’s t-test. ‡Mann-Whitney U test. ED: emergency department, ABG: arterial blood gases. Chi-Square test. **Fisher’s exact test.
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