Antidiabetic Potential of the Heme Oxygenase-1 Inducer Curcumin Analogues

Figure 1

Therapeutic targets of HO-1 during pathogenesis of diabetes. Cells in a tissue may be exposed to oxidative stress generated mainly by mitochondria and NADP oxidase complex, inflammatory stress initiated probably by DAMP-PRR engagement, and ER stress triggered by inflammatory and oxidative stresses, and these stresses, when prolonged, may be amplified and integrated. The integration of amplified stress responses may cause one or more of diabetic complications. HO-1 expression may reduce oxidative stress, inflammatory stress, and ER stress, thereby exerting therapeutic actions.