Research Article
Development of a Detailed Volumetric Finite Element Model of the Spine to Simulate Surgical Correction of Spinal Deformities
Table 1
Published in vivo, ex vivo, and in silico values of intervertebral disc stresses.
| Author | Method | Disc Location | Disc Section | Mean stress (MPa) |
|
Adams 1996 [23] | Ex vivo | L4-5 | Nucleus | 1.6 | Anterior | 2 | Posterior | 2.6 | Wilke 1999 [24] | In vivo sanding | L4-5 | Nucleus | 0.5 | Schultz 1982 [25] | In vivo sanding | L4-5 | Nucleus | 0.27 | Nachemson 1965 [26] | In vivo standing | L4-5 | Nucleus | 0.87 | Andersson 1974 [27] | Computational | L4-5 | Nucleus | 0.3–0.5 |
Meir 2007 [28] | In vivo lateral | Apex | Concave | 0.8–0.4 | Convex | 0.15 | Sato 1999 [29] | In vivo prone | L4-5 | Nucleus | 0.15 |
Shrzypiec 2007 [30] | Ex vivo | C7-T1 | Nucleus | 1 | Anterior | 1.35 | Posterior | 1.1 | Steffen 1998 [31] | Ex vivo | L3-4 | Nucleus | 0.8 |
Schroeder 2006 [32] | FEM | L4-5 | Nucleus | 0.6–0.85 | Anterior | 0.6–1 | Posterior | 0.8–1.2 | Current Study | FEM | T1–T3 | Average | 0.59 | T6–T9 | 2.56 | L1–L5 | 0.81 |
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