- About this Journal
- Abstracting and Indexing
- Aims and Scope
- Annual Issues
- Article Processing Charges
- Articles in Press
- Author Guidelines
- Bibliographic Information
- Citations to this Journal
- Contact Information
- Editorial Board
- Editorial Workflow
- Free eTOC Alerts
- Publication Ethics
- Reviewers Acknowledgment
- Submit a Manuscript
- Subscription Information
- Table of Contents
BioMed Research International
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 963525, 10 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/963525
Waterlogging Tolerance of Crops: Breeding, Mechanism of Tolerance, Molecular Approaches, and Future Prospects
1Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3Bioscience and Agrotechnology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
4Rice and Industrial Crop Research Centre, Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Locked Bag No 203, Kepala Batas Post Office, 13200 Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
5Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Received 20 October 2012; Accepted 14 November 2012
Academic Editor: Andrei Surguchov
Copyright © 2013 F. Ahmed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- H. K. Mohanty and G. S. Khush, “Diallel analysis of submergence tolerance in rice, Oryza sativa L,” Theoretical and Applied Genetics, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 467–473, 1985. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. E. Huke and E. H. Huke, Rice Area by Type of Culture South Southeast, and East Asia a Revised and Updated Database, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, 1997.
- D. Catling, Rice in Deep Water, MacMillan Press, London, UK, 1992.
- D. J. Mackill, W. R. Coffman, and D. P. Garrity, Rainfed Lowland Rice Improvement, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, 1996.
- V. Buchanan Wollaston, S. Earl, E. Harrison et al., “The molecular analysis of plant senescence—agenomics approach,” Plant Biotechnology Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3–22, 2003.
- M. C. Drew and E. J. Sisworo, “Early effects of flooding on nitrogen deficiency and leaf chlorosis in barley,” New Phytologist, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 567–571, 1977.
- S. Wang, L. He, Z. Li, J. Zeng, Y. Cai, and L. Hou, “A comparative study of the resistance of barley and wheat to waterlogging,” Acta Agronomica Sinica, vol. 22, pp. 228–232, 1996.
- A. I. Malik, T. D. Colmer, H. Lambers, T. L. Setter, and M. Schortemeyer, “Short-term waterlogging has long-term effects on the growth and physiology of wheat,” New Phytologist, vol. 153, no. 2, pp. 225–236, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. C. Drew, “Oxygen deficiency in the root environment and plant mineral nutrition,” in Plant Life Under Oxygen Deprivation, M. B. Jackson, et al., Ed., pp. 301–316, Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands, 1991.
- Huang Bingru, J. W. Johnson, S. Nesmith, and D. C. Bridges, “Growth, physiological and anatomical responses of two wheat genotypes to waterlogging and nutrient supply,” Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 45, no. 271, pp. 193–202, 1994. View at Scopus
- T. T. Kozlowski, “Extent, causes, and impact of flooding,” in Flooding and Plant Growth, T. T. Kozlowski, Ed., pp. 9–45, Academic Press, London, UK, 1984.
- T. L. Setter, P. Burgess, I. Water, and J. Kuo, “Genetic diversity of barley and wheat for waterlogging tolerance in Western Australia,” in Proceeding of the 9th Australian Barley Technical Symposium, Melbourne, Australila, 1999.
- T. R. Rathore and M. Z. K. Warsi, “Production of maize under excess soil moisture (waterlogging) conditions,” in Proceedings of the 2nd Asian Regional Maize Workshop PACARD, Laos Banos, Phillipines, February 1998.
- N. Reyna, B. Cornelious, J. G. Shannon, and C. H. Sneller, “Evaluation of a QTL for waterlogging tolerance in Southern Soybean Germplasm,” Crop Science, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 2077–2082, 2003. View at Scopus
- M. Bacanamwo and L. C. Purcell, “Soybean root morphological and anatomical traits associated with acclimation to flooding,” Crop Science, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 143–149, 1999. View at Scopus
- G. Linkemer, J. E. Board, and M. E. Musgrave, “Waterlogging effects on growth and yield components in late-planted soybean,” Crop Science, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 1576–1584, 1998. View at Scopus
- C. J. Daugherty and M. E. Musgrave, “Characterization of populations of rapid-cycling Brassica rapa L. selected for differential waterlogging tolerance,” Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 45, no. 272, pp. 385–392, 1994. View at Scopus
- T. T. VanToai, J. E. Beuerlein, A. F. Schmitthenner, and S. K. St Martin, “Genetic variability for flooding tolerance in soybeans,” Crop Science, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1112–1115, 1994. View at Scopus
- H. D. Scott, J. De Angulo, M. B. Daniels, and L. S. Wood, “Flood duration effects on soybean growth and yield,” Agronomy Journal, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 631–636, 1989.
- H. D. Scott, J. De Angulo, L. S. Wood, and D. J. Pitts, “Influence of temporary flooding at three growth stages on soybean growth on a clayey soil,” Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1045–1071, 1990.
- D. M. Oosterhuis, H. D. Scott, R. E. Hampton, and S. D. Wullschleger, “Physiological responses of two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] cultivars to short-term flooding,” Environmental and Experimental Botany, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 85–92, 1990. View at Scopus
- C. D. Stanley, T. C. Kaspar, and H. M. Taylor, “Soybean top and root response to temporary water tables imposed at three different stages of growth,” Agronomy Journal, vol. 72, pp. 341–346, 1980.
- J. S. Boyer, “Plant productivity and environment (crop genetic improvement),” Science, vol. 218, no. 4571, pp. 443–448, 1982. View at Scopus
- A. Collaku and S. A. Harrison, “Losses in wheat due to waterlogging,” Crop Science, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 444–450, 2002. View at Scopus
- M. E. Musgrave and N. Ding, “Evaluating wheat cultivars for waterlogging tolerance,” Crop Science, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 90–97, 1998. View at Scopus
- H. Alamgir and S. N. Uddin, “Mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance in wheat: morphological and metabolic adaptations under hypoxia or anoxia,” Australian Journal of Crop Science, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1094–1110, 2011.
- F. N. Ponnamperuma, “The chemistry of submerged soils,” Advances in Agronomy, vol. 24, pp. 29–96, 1972. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Musgrave, M. B. Jackson, and E. Long, “Gallitriche stem elongation is controlled by ethylene and gibberellin,” Nature New Biology, vol. 238, pp. 93–96, 1972.
- J. T. Stünzi and H. Kende, “Gas composition in the internal air spaces of deepwater rice in relation to growth induced by submergence,” Plant and Cell Physiology, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 49–56, 1989. View at Scopus
- M. B. Jackson, “Ethylene and responses of plants to soil waterlogging and submergence,” Annual Reviews of Plant Physiology, vol. 36, pp. 145–174, 1985.
- K. J. N. D. Bradford and S. F. Yang, “Xylem transport of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, an ethylene precursor, in waterlogged tomato plants,” Plant Physiology, vol. 65, pp. 322–326, 1980.
- E. Cohen and H. Kende, “In vivo 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity in internodes of deep water rice: enhancement by submergence and low oxygen levels,” Plant Physiology, vol. 84, pp. 282–286, 1987.
- Y. Hattori, K. Nagai, S. Furukawa et al., “The ethylene response factors SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2 allow rice to adapt to deep water,” Nature, vol. 460, no. 7258, pp. 1026–1030, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. Kende, E. D. Van Knaap, and H. T. Cho, “Deepwater rice: a model plant to study stem elongation,” Plant Physiology, vol. 118, no. 4, pp. 1105–1110, 1998. View at Scopus
- M. B. Jackson and W. Armstrong, “Formation of aerenchyma and the processes of plant ventilation in relation to soil flooding and submergence,” Plant Biology, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 274–287, 1999. View at Scopus
- S. Aschi-Smiti, W. Chaïbi, R. Brouquisse, B. Ricard, and P. Saglio, “Assessment of enzyme induction and aerenchyma formation as mechanisms for flooding tolerance in Trifolium subterraneum ‘Park’,” Annals of Botany, vol. 91, pp. 195–204, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. L. J. Watkin, C. J. Thomson, and H. Greenway, “Root development and aerenchyma formation in two wheat cultivars and one Triticale cultivar grown in stagnant agar and aerated nutrient solution,” Annals of Botany, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 349–354, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. H. F. W. Justin and W. Armstrong, “Evidence for the involvement of ethene in aerenchyma formation in adventitious roots of rice (Oryza sativa),” New Phytologist, vol. 118, pp. 49–62, 2003.
- H. Arikado and Y. Adachi, Anatomical and Ecological Responses of Barley and Some Forage Crops to the Flooding Treatment, vol. 11, Bulletin, Faculty of Agriculture, Mie University, 1955.
- A. H. L. A. N. Gunawardena, D. M. Pearce, M. B. Jackson, C. R. Hawes, and D. E. Evans, “Characterisation of programmed cell death during aerenchyma formation induced by ethylene or hypoxia in roots of maize (Zea mays L.),” Planta, vol. 212, no. 2, pp. 205–214, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. K. Sairam, D. Kumutha, K. Ezhilmathi, P. S. Deshmukh, and G. C. Srivastava, “Physiology and biochemistry of waterlogging tolerance in plants,” Biologia Plantarum, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 401–412, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. J. W. Visser, G. M. Bögemann, C. W. P. M. Blom, and L. A. C. J. Voesenek, “Ethylene accumulation in waterlogged Rumex plants promotes formation of adventitious roots,” Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 47, no. 296, pp. 403–410, 1996. View at Scopus
- J. Armstrong and W. Armstrong, “Phragmites: a preliminary study of soil oxidizing sites and internal gas transport pathways,” New Phytologist, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 373–382, 1988.
- E. J. W. Visser, R. H. M. Nabben, C. W. P. M. Blom, and L. A. C. J. Voesenek, “Elongation by primary lateral roots and adventitious roots during conditions of hypoxia and high ethylene concentrations,” Plant, Cell and Environment, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 647–653, 1997. View at Scopus
- M. B. Jackson and M. C. Drew, “Effects of flooding on growth and metabolism of herbaceous plants,” in Flooding and Plant Growth, T. T. Kozlowsky, Ed., Academic Press, Orlando, Fla, USA, 1984.
- H. Mergemann and M. Sauter, “Ethylene induces epidermal cell death at the site of adventitious root emergence in rice,” Plant Physiology, vol. 124, no. 2, pp. 609–614, 2000. View at Scopus
- B. B. Vartapetian and M. B. Jackson, “Plant adaptations to anaerobic stress,” Annals of Botany, vol. 79, pp. 3–20, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. M. M. Crawford and R. Braendle, “Oxygen deprivation stress in a changing environment,” Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 47, no. 295, pp. 145–159, 1996. View at Scopus
- B. Ricard, I. Couee, P. Raymond, P. H. Saglio, V. Saint-Ges, and A. Pradet, “Plant metabolism under hypoxia and anoxia,” Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 1994. View at Scopus
- R. A. Kennedy, M. E. Rumpho, and T. C. Fox, “Anaerobic metabolism in plants,” Plant Physiology, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 1992. View at Scopus
- P. Perata and A. Alpi, “Plant responses to anaerobiosis,” Plant Science, vol. 93, no. 1-2, pp. 1–17, 1993. View at Scopus
- A. F. Schmitthenner, “Problems and progress in control of Phytophthora root rot of soybean,” Plant Disease, vol. 69, pp. 362–368, 1985.
- N. R. Fausey, T. T. VanToai, and M. B. McDonald Jr., “Responses of ten common cultivars to flooding,” Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1794–1797, 1985. View at Scopus
- K. A. Barrick and M. G. Noble, “The iron and manganese status of seven upper montane tree species in Colorado, USA, following long-term waterlogging,” Journal of Ecology, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 523–531, 1993. View at Scopus
- C. J. Thomson, B. J. Atwell, and H. Greenway, “Response of wheat seedlings to low O2 concentration in nutrient solution: II,” Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 40, pp. 993–999, 1989.
- G. A. F. Hendry and K. J. Brocklebank, “Iron-induced oxygen radical metabolism in waterlogged plants,” New Phytologist, vol. 101, pp. 199–206, 1985.
- D. Hille Ris Lambers and B. S. Vergara, “Summary results of an international collaboration on screening methods for flood tolerance,” in Proceedings of the 1981 International Deepwater Rice Workshop, pp. 347–353, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, 1982.
- B. S. Vergara and A. Mazaredo, “Screening for resistance to submergence under greenhouse conditions,” in Proceedings of the International Seminar on Deepwater Rice, pp. 67–70, BRRI, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1975.
- Q. A. Haque, D. Hille Ris Lambers, N. M. Tepora, and Q. D. dela Cruz, “Inheritacne of submergence tolerance in rice,” Euphytica, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 247–251, 1989. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. K. Mohanty and R. C. Chaudhary, “Breeding for submergence tolerance in rice in India,” in Progress in Rainfed Lowland Rice, pp. 191–200, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines, 1986.
- S. B. Mishra, D. Senadhira, and N. L. Manigbas, “Genetics of submergence tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.),” Field Crops Research, vol. 46, no. 1–3, pp. 177–181, 1996. View at Scopus
- D. J. Mackill, M. M. Amante, B. S. Vergara, and S. Sarkarung, “Improved semi dwarf rice lines with tolerance to submergence of seedlings,” Crop Science, vol. 33, pp. 749–775, 1993.
- S. Mallik and S. N. Sen, International Symposium on Rainfed Rice Production Strategy for 21st Century, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India, 1997.
- S. Sarkarung, O. N. Singh, J. K. Roy, A. Vanavichit, and P. Bhekasut, “Breeding strategies for rainfed lowland ecosystem,” in Proceeding of International Rice Research Conference, pp. 709–720, IRRI, Manila, Philippines, 1995.
- C. W. Stuber, “Enhancement of grain yield in maize hybrids using marker-facilitated introgression of QTLs in analysis of molecular marker data,” in Proceedings of the Joint American Society of Horticulture Science/Crop Science Society of America Plant Breeding Symposium, Corvalis, 1994.
- M. S. Davies and G. C. Hillman, “Effects of soil flooding on growth and grain yield of populations of tetraploid and hexaploid species of wheat,” Annals of Botany, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 597–604, 1988. View at Scopus
- G. Boru, M. Van Ginkel, W. E. Kronstad, and L. Boersma, “Expression and inheritance of tolerance to waterlogging stress in wheat,” Euphytica, vol. 117, no. 2, pp. 91–98, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Collaku and S. A. Harrison, “Heritability of waterlogging tolerance in wheat,” Crop Science, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 722–727, 2005. View at Scopus
- K. Xu, X. Xu, T. Fukao et al., “Sub1A is an ethylene-response-factor-like gene that confers submergence tolerance to rice,” Nature, vol. 442, no. 7103, pp. 705–708, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. Li, R. Vaillancourt, N. Mendham, and M. Zhou, “Comparative mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with waterlogging tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.),” BMC Genomics, vol. 9, article 401, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- F. Qiu, Y. Zheng, Z. Zhang, and S. Xu, “Mapping of QTL associated with waterlogging tolerance during the seedling stage in maize,” Annals of Botany, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 1067–1081, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. T. Vantoai, S. K. S. Martin, K. Chase et al., “Identification of a QTL associated with tolerance of soybean to soil waterlogging,” Crop Science, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1247–1252, 2001. View at Scopus
- B. Cornelious, P. Chen, Y. Chen, N. De Leon, J. G. Shannon, and D. Wang, “Identification of QTLs underlying water-logging tolerance in soybean,” Molecular Breeding, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 103–112, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. K. Mohanty, B. Suprihatno, G. S. Khush, W. R. Coffman, and B. S. Vergara, “Inheritance of submergence tolerance in deepwater rice,” in Proceedings of the International Deepwater Rice Workshop, pp. 121–134, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, 1982.
- B. Suprihatno and W. R. Coffman, “Inheritance of submergence tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L),” SABRAO Journal, vol. 13, pp. 98–102, 1981.
- K. Xu and D. J. Mackill, “A major locus for submergence tolerance mapped on rice chromosome 9,” Molecular Breeding, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 219–224, 1996. View at Scopus
- S. Nandi, P. K. Subudhi, D. Senadhira, N. L. Manigbas, S. Sen-Mandi, and N. Huang, “Mapping QTLs for submergence tolerance in rice by AFLP analysis and selective genotyping,” Molecular and General Genetics, vol. 255, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Siangliw, T. Toojinda, S. Tragoonrung, and A. Vanavichit, “Thai jasmine rice carrying QTLch9 (SubQTL) is submergence tolerant,” Annals of Botany, vol. 91, pp. 255–261, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. Toojinda, M. Siangliw, S. Tragoonrung, and A. Vanavichit, “Molecular genetics of submergence tolerance in rice: QTL analysis of key traits,” Annals of Botany, vol. 91, pp. 243–253, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. Xu, X. Xu, P. C. Ronald, and D. J. Mackill, “A high-resolution linkage map of the vicinity of the rice submergence tolerance locus Sub1,” Molecular and General Genetics, vol. 263, no. 4, pp. 681–689, 2000. View at Scopus
- T. Fukao, T. Harris, and J. Bailey-Serres, “Evolutionary analysis of the Sub1 gene cluster that confers submergence tolerance to domesticated rice,” Annals of Botany, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 143–150, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. Fukao, K. Xu, P. C. Ronald, and J. Bailey-Serres, “A variable cluster of ethylene response factor-like genes regulates metabolic and developmental acclimation responses to submergence in rice,” Plant Cell, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 2021–2034, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Singh, D. J. Mackill, and A. M. Ismail, “Responses of SUB1 rice introgression lines to submergence in the field: yield and grain quality,” Field Crops Research, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 12–23, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Z. Zhang, H. Jiang, Z. Wei, and Y. Zheng, “Study on enzymology in root of maize inbred after waterlogging stress,” Hubei Agricultural Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 25–27, 2003.
- W. Tang, Z. Zhang, X. Zou, and Y. Zheng, “Functional genomics of maize submergence tolerance and cloning of the related gene Sicyp51,” Science in China, Series C, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 337–345, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. J. Mackill, “Breeding for resistance to abiotic stresses in rice: the value of quantitative trait loci,” in Plant Breeding: The Arnel, R Hallauer International Symposium Ames, K. R. Lamkey and M. Lee, Eds., pp. 201–212, Blackwell, 2006.
- K. Xu, R. Deb, and D. J. Mackill, “A microsatellite marker and a co-dominant PCR based marker for marker assisted selection of submergence tolerance in rice,” Crop Science, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 248–253, 2004. View at Scopus
- E. M. Septiningsih, A. M. Pamplona, D. L. Sanchez et al., “Development of submergence-tolerant rice cultivars: the Sub1 locus and beyond,” Annals of Botany, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 151–160, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. N. Neeraja, R. Maghirang-Rodriguez, A. Pamplona et al., “A marker-assisted backcross approach for developing submergence-tolerant rice cultivars,” Theoretical and Applied Genetics, vol. 115, no. 6, pp. 767–776, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. K. Sarkar, D. Panda, J. N. Reddy, S. S. C. Patnaik, D. J. Mackill, and A. M. Ismail, “Performance of submergence tolerant rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes carrying the Sub1 quantitative trait locus under stressed and non-stressed natural field conditions,” Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 79, no. 11, pp. 876–883, 2009. View at Scopus
- R. K. Sarkar, J. N. Reddy, S. G. Sharma, and A. M. Ismail, “Physiological basis of submergence tolerance in rice and implications for crop improvement,” Current Science, vol. 91, no. 7, pp. 899–906, 2006. View at Scopus
- D. O. Manzanilla, T. R. Paris, G. V. Vergara et al., “Submergence risks and farmers' preferences: implications for breeding Sub1 rice in Southeast Asia,” Agricultural Systems, vol. 104, no. 4, pp. 335–347, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Mukhopadhyay, D. Minhas, and A. Grover, “Callusing from rice root explants: adventitious root formation precedes callus initiation response,” Current Science, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 465–469, 1997. View at Scopus
- D. Minhas and A. Grover A, “Towards developing transgenic rice plants tolerant to flooding stress,” in Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, vol. B65, pp. 33–50, 1999.
- A. Grover, M. A. Hossain, M. E. Huq et al., International Rice Research Conference, IRRI, Manila, Philippines, 1995.
- A. Grover, M. Rahman, M. Ellis et al., General Meeting of the International Programme on Rice Biotechnology, Rockefeller Foundation, Malacca, Malaysia, 1997.
- A. Grover, M. Rahman, D. Minhas et al., General Meeting of the International Programme on Rice Biotechnology, Rockefeller Foundation, Phuket, Thailand, 1999.
- C. A. Quimio, L. B. Torrizo, T. L. Setter et al., “Enhancement of submergence tolerance in transgenic rice overproducing pyruvate decarboxylase,” Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. 156, no. 4, pp. 516–521, 2000. View at Scopus
- E. S. Dennis, R. Dolferus, M. Ellis et al., “Molecular strategies for improving waterlogging tolerance in plants,” Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 51, no. 342, pp. 89–97, 2000. View at Scopus
- P. Wenzl, J. Carling, D. Kudrna et al., “Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) for whole-genome profiling of barley,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 101, no. 26, pp. 9915–9920, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. A. Goff, D. Ricke, T. H. Lan et al., “A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica),” Science, vol. 296, no. 5565, pp. 92–100, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. Sasaki, “The map-based sequence of the rice genome,” Nature, vol. 436, no. 7052, pp. 793–800, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- N. Yamada, “Physiological basis of resistance of rice plant against overhead flooding,” Bulletin of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Series D, vol. 8, pp. 1–112, 1959.
- B. Rathinasabapathi, “Metabolic engineering for stress tolerance: installing osmoprotectant synthesis pathways,” Annals of Botany, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 709–716, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Y. Mano, M. Muraki, and T. Takamizo, “Identification of QTL controlling flooding tolerance in reducing soil conditions in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings,” Plant Production Science, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 176–181, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus