Radiation-Induced Noncancer Risks in Interventional Cardiology: Optimisation of Procedures and Staff and Patient Dose Reduction

Table 1

Dose reduction techniques that are commonly used in interventional cardiology procedures.

Techniques used in interventional cardiology	Corresponding functions
Minimize use of fluoroscopy time and use low fluoroscopy mode	Reduce staff and patient dose
Number of fluorographic images	Reduce staff and patient dose
Image-chain geometry	Reduce patient dose
Collimation of the radiation field	Decrease the level of scatter dose
Medical staff position in a low-scatter area	Reduce staff dose
Wear protective shielding	Reduce radiation dose to eye lens and other organs
Fluoroscopic imaging equipment comply with International Electrotechnical Commission [119]	Dose-reduction technology is incorporated into the imaging systems
Obtain appropriate training provided by professional bodies	Increase awareness of radiation protection and dose reduction
Wear personal dosimeter	Know and monitor your own dose
Diagnostic reference levels	Monitor clinical practice and radiation dose