Role of HLA, KIR, MICA, and Cytokines Genes in Leprosy

Table 1

Associations between HLA class I and leprosy.

Population	Study design	Sample size	Phenotype	Serotype, allele, or haplotype	Type of association	P or Pc	Ref.
Ethiopian	Case-control	20TT, 19LL, 36 controls	TT	Aw21	Susceptibility	𝑃𝑐=0.042	[7]
Indian	Case-control	30BT or TT, 40 controls	TT	A9	Resistance	𝑃𝑐=0.005	[8]
Thai	Case-control	26TT, 183 controls	TT	A2; Bw17	Resistance; Susceptibility	0.01<𝑃<0.05; 0.01<𝑃<0.05	[9]
	Case-control	70LL, 183 controls	LL	B7	Susceptibility	0.01<𝑃<0.05
Iran	Case-control	88LD, 125 controls	LL	A1; B35	Resistance; Susceptibility	P < 0.05	[10]
Mumbai/Indian	Case-control	158LL, 150TT, 170 controls	LL; LL; LL; TT/LL; TT/LL	B-40; Aw19; A2-B40; A11-B40; A24-B40	Susceptibility; Resistance; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility	𝑃𝑐=0.0027; 𝑃𝑐=0.02; 𝑃<0.00025; 𝑃<0.00025; 𝑃<0.00025	[11]
Japanese	Case-control	295LL, 74TL, 110 controls	LL	B7; Bw54	Susceptibility; Resistance	𝑃𝑐=0.044; 𝑃𝑐=0.016	[12]
Korean	Case-control	157LD, 162 controls	LD	A2; A11; Aw33; Cw5	Resistance; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Resistance	𝑃=0.03; 𝑃=0.03; 𝑃=0.003; 𝑃=0.001	[13]
Indian	Case-control	65ENL, 71LL	ENL	A11	Susceptibility	𝑃𝑐=0.0035	[14]
Indian	Case-control	68LL, 237 controls	LL	B60	Susceptibility	𝑃𝑐=0.00019
	Case-control	138LD, 237 controls	LD	B60	Susceptibility	𝑃𝑐=0.031	[15]
	Case-control	20BB, 237 controls	BB	B40	Susceptibility	𝑃𝑐=0.018
Southern Chinese	Case-control	50LL, 69 controls	LL	B46	Resistance	𝑃<0.01	[16]
Turkish	Case-control	80LD, 120 controls	LD	A9; A10; Bw4; Bw6; Cw1; Cw2; A3; B49	Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Resistance; Resistance	𝑃𝑐=0.0004; 𝑃𝑐=0.0226; 𝑃𝑐=0.00003; 𝑃𝑐=0.00001; 𝑃𝑐=0.0080; 𝑃𝑐=0.0055; 𝑃𝑐=0.0040; 𝑃𝑐=0.0035	[17]
Southern Indian	Case-control	32LD, 67 controls	LD	A * 02:06; A*11:02; B*51 : 10; B*18:01; C*04:07; C*07:03; C*04:11	Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Resistance	𝑃𝑐=0.000007; 𝑃𝑐=0.00001; 𝑃𝑐=0.0000005; 𝑃𝑐=0.007; 𝑃𝑐=1.0×10^−9; 𝑃𝑐=0.000001; 𝑃𝑐=0.001	[18]
Mumbai/Indian	Case-control	103LD, 101 controls	LD	A02; A11; A28; B12; B15; B40; Cw7; Cw3	Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Resistance; Resistance; Resistance; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Resistance	𝑃𝑐=0.0015; 𝑃𝑐=0.009; 𝑃𝑐=0.0014; 𝑃𝑐=0.001; 𝑃𝑐=0.05; 𝑃𝑐=7.34×10^−7; 𝑃𝑐=2.26×10^−5; 𝑃𝑐=0.0002	[19]
	Case-control	32ML, 67 controls	ML	A * 02:06; A*11:02; B*18:01; B*51:10; C*04:07; C*04:11; C*07:03	Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Resistance; Susceptibility	𝑃𝑐=7.15×10^−5; 𝑃𝑐=0.00001; 𝑃𝑐=0.007; 𝑃𝑐=5.29×10^−6; 𝑃𝑐=5.12×10^−9; 𝑃𝑐=0.001; 𝑃𝑐=1.97×10^−5
	Case-control	32ML, 67 controls	ML	A * 11-B * 40	Susceptibility	𝑃𝑐=0.002
Brazilian	Case-control	224LD, 446 controls	LD	A * 11; B*38; C*12; C*16	Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Susceptibility; Resistance	𝑃=0.0345; 𝑃=0.0402; 𝑃=0.01; 𝑃=0.0124	[20]
	Case-control	88LL, 48TT	LL	C * 07; B*35; C*04	Susceptibility; Resistance; Resistance	𝑃=0.0211; 𝑃=0.0156; 𝑃=0.0464
Vietnamese	family study	198 families	LD	C * 15:05	Susceptibility	P = 0.0063
	family study	292 families	LD	C * 15:05	Susceptibility	𝑃=8.8×10^−5	[21]
Indian	Case-control	364LD, 371 controls	LD	C * 15:05	Susceptibility	𝑃=3.0×10^−8

MB: multibacillary leprosy; LL: lepromatous leprosy; BB: borderline borderline; TT: tuberculoid leprosy; ENL: erythema nodosum leprosum; LD: leprosy disease; ns: not significant; Pc: corrected 𝑃 Value; Ref.: reference.