Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Force during Two-Leg Landing: A Systematic Review and Mathematical Modeling

Table 1

Characteristics of included articles.

References (authors, year)	Subjects (, sex)	DH (cm)	Landing type	Shoe	Ankle stabilizer	Surface stiffness	Frequency (Hz)
Dufek and Bates, 1990; 1992 [24, 25]	3 M	40/60/100	PF	Shoe	Control	Hard	500
Caster and Bates 1995 [26]	4 M	60	SP	US	Control	Hard	1000
Zhang et al., 2000 [23]	9 M	32/62/103	PF	US	Control	Hard	1000
Riemann et al., 2002 [20]	9 M/5 F	59	PF	Shoe	Both	Hard	1000
Decker et al., 2002 [27]	11 US	60	PF	Shoe	Control	Hard	1200
Decker et al., 2003 [28]	12 M/9 F	60	PF	Shoe	Control	Hard	1200
Seegmiller and McCaw, 2003 [1]	20 F	30/60/90	PF	Barefoot	Control	Soft	960
Kernozek et al., 2005 [29]	15 M/15 F	60	SP	Shoe	Control	Hard	1200
Hodgson et al., 2005 [46]	12 F	61	SP	Shoe	Both	Hard	600
Kulas et al., 2006 [30]	20 F	60	PF	US	Control	Hard	1000
Hoffrén et al., 2007 [22]	5 M/7 F	10/15/20	PF	US	Control	Hard	2000
Zhang et al., 2008 [31]	10 M	30/45/60/75/90	PF	US	Control	Hard	3000
Blackburn and Padua, 2009 [32]	20 M/20 F	60	SP	Shoe	Control	Hard	1000
Gehring et al., 2009 [42]	13 M/13 F	52	PF	Shoe	Control	Hard	1080
Niu et al., 2010 [15]	8 M/8 F	32/52/72	PF	Barefoot	Control	Hard	1000
Sell et al., 2010 [47]	70 M	50	PF	Shoe	Control	Hard	1200
Wallace et al., 2010 [33]	14 M	30/60/90	PF	Shoe	Control	Hard	1200
Niu et al., 2011 [16]	8 M/8 F	32/52/72	PF	Barefoot	Both	Hard	1000
Niu et al., 2011 [18]	8 M/8 F	32/52/72	PF	Barefoot	Control	Hard	1000
Torry et al., 2011 [48]	6 M	40	PF	US	Control	Hard	1200
Chang et al., 2012 [34]	10 M	20/40/60	PF	Barefoot	Control	Hard	1000
Zhang et al., 2012 [49]	5 M/5 F	60	SP	Shoe	Both	Hard	1200
Shultz et al., 2012 [39]	10 M/10 F	45	PF	Barefoot	Control	Hard	1000
Niu and Fan 2013 [3]	8 M/8 F	32/52/72	PF	Barefoot	Control	Both	1000
Simpson et al., 2013 [50]	16 F	43	SP	US	Both	Hard	1200

M: male; F: female; PF: platform landing; SP: suspended landing; US: unspecified in the original article.