Provincial Maternal Mortality Surveillance Systems in China

Table 2

Main characteristics of the studies included in the review.

Province	Authors; (reference number)	Year	Language	Study period	Live birth	Maternal death	Average MMR (SD*)	Study quality
Coast region
Beijing	Shen et al. [22]	2006	Chinese	1995–2004	580857	104	17.9 (5.26)	High
Fujian	Zheng et al. [23]	2001	Chinese	1990–1999	3316092	1527	46.05 (6.11)	High
Guangdong	Tian et al. [24]	2003	Chinese	1992–2000	1851650	602	32.51 (6.71)	High
Guangdong	He et al. [25]	2006	Chinese	2001–2003	462168	105	22.72 (1.36)	High
Jiangsu	Zhou and Yu [26]	1999	Chinese	1990–1997	5375632	2431	45.22 (11.68)	High
Liaoning	Shi et al. [27]	2002	Chinese	1990–2000	869298	414	47.6 (11.62)	Average
Liaoning	Li et al. [28]	2012	Chinese	2001–2010	2703606	476	17.61 (5.72)	High
Shandong	Zhao et al. [29]	2002	Chinese	1990–2001	927656	314	33.85 (11.65)	High
Shanghai	Zhu et al. [10]	2009	English	1996–2005	537669	70	10.23 (5.33)	High
Shanghai	Du et al. [11]	2012	English	2000–2009	680005	55	8.1 (3.06)	High
Tianjin	Wen et al. [30]	2009	Chinese	1997–2006	591866	87	14.7 (5.23)	High
Zhejiang	Qiu et al. [12]	2010	English	1988–2008	8880457	2258	25.43 (10.23)	Average
Inland region
Chongqing	Mou et al. [31]	2000	Chinese	1986–1997	1675839	1582	94.4 (21.02)	Average
Chongqing	Zhou et al. [32]	2009	Chinese	1999–2008	2590959	1862	71.87 (17.75)	High
Guangxi	Dai et al. [33]	1999	Chinese	2003	203919	145	71.12 (0)	High
Guangxi	Dai et al. [34]	2002	Chinese	2010	297204	55	18.51 (0)	High
Hainan	Chen [35]	2012	Chinese	2001–2010	908814	315	34.66 (8.16)	High
Henan	You et al. [14]	2012	English	1996–2009	2483327	1129	45.46 (19.31)	High
Hubei	Wang [36]	2005	Chinese	1996-1997	151266	102	67.43 (27.85)	High
Hubei	Wang and Ma [37]	2007	Chinese	2001	377036	173	45.88 (0)	High
Hunan	Ding et al. [38]	2005	Chinese	1996–2002	3561124	2032	57.06 (15.43)	High
Jilin**	Yu et al. [39]	2012	Chinese	2004–2009				Average
Shaanxi	Xia et al. [40]	2003	Chinese	1996–2000	121341	77	63.46 (6.88)	Average
Shanxi	Yuan et al. [41]	2008	Chinese	1996–2003	935356	528	56.44 (10.22)	High
Shanxi	Wei et al. [42]	2011	Chinese	2006	285913	111	38.82 (0)	High
Sichuan**	Wu et al. [43]	2011	Chinese	2001–2010				Average
Remote region
Gansu	Chen et al. [44]	2007	Chinese	1996–2005	673577	721	107.04 (30.73)	High
Gansu**	Ma et al. [45]	2011	Chinese	2005–2010				Average
Guizhou	Ma et al. [46]	2005	Chinese	2000–2004	322083	374	116.12 (11.56)	High
Inner Mongolia	Wang et al. [47]	2007	Chinese	1999–2005	1265554	680	53.73 (9.16)	Average
Ningxia	Liu et al. [48]	2006	Chinese	1996–2002	183428	165	89.95 (26.48)	High
Qinghai	Zhang et al. [49]	2002	Chinese	1999	35966	46	127.9 (0)	High
Qinghai	Zhao [50]	2010	Chinese	2000–2008	579329	619	106.85 (23.15)	Average
Xinjiang	Wang et al. [51]	2009	Chinese	2004–2006	131968	189	143.2 (19.41)	High
Yunnan	Yu et al. [52]	2010	Chinese	2006–2009	1867486	952	51 (9.35)	High

∗SD: standard deviation.
∗∗Jilin, Sichuan, and Gansu: although the average MMR of Jilin (2004–2009), Sichuan (2001–2010), and Gansu (2005–2010) could not be calculated due to the lack of the data about number of live births and maternal deaths, we extracted a rough variation tendency of PMMR in these three provinces: for Jilin, decreased from 32.24 in 2004 to 27 and 12 in 2009; for Sichuan, decreased from 66.52 in 2001 to 39.66 in 2010; and for Gansu, decreased from 82.79 in 2005 to 35.39 in 2010.