Fear Processing in Dental Phobia during Crossmodal Symptom Provocation: An fMRI Study

Table 1

Sample characteristics. Mean (SD) except where noted.

	HC (𝑛=13)	DP (𝑛=13)	chi^2/𝑡 (df)	𝑃
Sociodemographic characteristics
Female sex (𝑛. %)	9 (69.23)	9 (69.23)	—	—
Right-handed (𝑛. %)	13 (100.0)	12 (92.31)	1.040	0.308
Unmarried (𝑛. %)	12 (92.31)	11 (84.62)	0.377	0.539
Nonsmoker (𝑛. %)	12 (92.31)	12 (92.31)	—	—
Age (years)	23.23 (3.19)	24.92 (2.25)	1.562	0.131
Clinical characteristics
DFS^1	25.77 (3.37)	79.54 (4.86)	32.788 (24)	<0.001
BDI	3.00 (2.89)	8.62 (9.59)	2.022 (24)	0.054
ASI	14.46 (7.82)	22.15 (12.08)	1.927 (24)	0.066
MQ	7.77 (5.97)	12.69 (6.05)	2.088 (24)	0.048

HC: healthy control group; DP: dental phobia group; DFS: Dental Fear Survey; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory-II; ASI: Anxiety Sensitivity Index; MQ: Mutilation Questionnaire; ¹please note that questionnaire data relate to the date of screening that was used for study inclusion.