Fear Processing in Dental Phobia during Crossmodal Symptom Provocation: An fMRI Study

Table 2

Whole brain analysis on brain activation for group differences.

Group	Region	Side	Voxels	𝐹	𝑃	𝑥	𝑦	𝑧
Stimulus: auditory, between-group: (DAA > DAN)
DP > HC
	ACC	L	954	5.91	<0.001	−4	32	22
	Calcarine sulcus	L	100	3.74	<0.001	−14	−62	18
	Hippocampus	L	78	3.94	<0.001	−20	−16	−8
	Insula	L	1858	5.34	<0.001	−30	12	−16
	Insula	R	515	4.48	<0.001	44	−12	10
	Postcentral gyrus	L	60	3.56	<0.001	−32	−42	54
	Precuneus	L	207	3.89	<0.001	−6	−58	46
	Inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis)	L	68	4.35	<0.001	−46	48	8
	Inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis)	L	76	3.98	<0.001	−50	14	26
	Thalamus	L	212	4.36	<0.001	−6	−8	4
HC > DP
	MCC	L	107	4.86	<0.001	−12	−26	24
	MCC	R	88	4.29	<0.001	12	−12	30
Stimulus: visual, between-group: (DVA > DVN)
DP > HC
	Vermis	R	204	4.30	<0.001	8	−36	−34
HC > DP
	No differential activation
Stimulus: auditory versus visual, between-group: (DAA > DAN) > (DVA > DVN)
DP > HC
	Insula	L	326	4.93	<0.001	−32	14	−16
	Insula	R	165	4.44	<0.001	48	6	−6
	OFC	L	382	4.92	<0.001	−12	50	−6
	Precuneus	L	64	3.69	<0.001	−14	−58	40
HC > DP
	No differential activation
Stimulus: visual versus auditory, between-group: (DVA > DVN) > (DAA > DAN)
DP > HC
	Caudate nucleus	R	157	5.05	<0.001	28	−6	24
HC > DP
	No differential activation

HC: healthy control group; DP: dental phobia group; DAN: dental auditory neutral stimuli; DAA: dental auditory anxiety stimuli; DVN: dental visual neutral stimuli; DVA: dental visual anxiety stimuli; R: right side; L: left side; voxels: number of voxels per cluster; 𝑥, 𝑦, and 𝑧: MNI coordinates of peak voxel; ACC: anterior cingulate cortex; MCC: middle cingulate cortex; OFC: orbitofrontal cortex; analysis: minimum cluster size = 58; 𝑃<0.001.