Male and Couple Fertility Impairment due to HPV-DNA Sperm Infection: Update on Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Impact—Systematic Review

Table 2

Data about studies analyzing HPV-related spermatic modifications and their impact on fertility according to Hamilton Thorn Motility Analyzer (Data are expressed as value ± SD).

Authors (year)	Type of study	Patients	Total motility; (%)	Progressive; motility %	Amplitude lateral; head (𝜇m)	Percentage hyperactive (%)	Straight-line velocity (mm/sec)	Curvilinear velocity (m/s)	Average path velocity (mm/sec)	Linearity; (%)
Brossfield et al.; (1999) [31]	Case control study	Sperm exposed to L1 HPV DNA 𝑛=523	51.5±0.15^∗	15.5±0.11^∗	1.9±0	0.5±0.02	23.5±0.02	43.5±0.02	34.0±0.04	57.0±0.04
		Control sperm washed 𝑛=498	75.0±0.45^∗	19.0±0.04^∗	3.1±0	4.0±0.09	24.5±0.07	57.5±0.02	41.0±0	44.5±0.11
		Transfected centrifuge-washed 𝑛=114	90.0±0	38.5±0.61	4.1±0.03	8.0±0.38	31.5±0.2	73.5±0.05	47.5±0.05	44.5±0.14
		Transfected Isolate-washed 𝑛=102	93.0±0.10	33.5±0.05	3.6±0.12	1.0±0.10	26.0±0.10	56.5±0.25	37.5±0.25	47.0±0
		Transfected, TYB-washed 𝑛=103	94.0±0.40	37.0±0.70	3.7±0.01	4.0±0	26.0±0.10	58.5±0.05	36.0±0.20	46.5±0.35
Connelly et al.; (2001) [21]	Case control study	Patients HPV-DNA 16 size = 98	48.0±0.2^∗	5.5±0.2^∗	1.8±0^∗	1.0±0.1		38.5±0.3	28.0±0.1	56.0±0.2^∗
		Patients HPV-DNA 18 size = 80	47.5±0.1^∗	11.0±0.2^∗	2.7±0^∗	1.0±0.1		55.5±0.7	36.0±0.5	47.5±0.2^∗
		Patients HPV-DNA 6b/11 size = 157	36.5±0.1^∗	6.5±0.1^∗	1.8±0^∗	0±0		31.5±0.1	23.0±0	57.0±0.2^∗
		Patients HPV-DNA 31 size = 162	55.0±0.5^∗	14.5±0.1^∗	2.8±0.1^∗	2.0±0		45.5±0.3	30.5±0.1	52.5±0.5^∗
		Patients HPV-DNA 33 size = 103	48.5±0.7^∗	13.0±0.3^∗	2.7±0^∗	0±0		42.5±0.4	28.5±0.3	52.5±0.2^∗
Lee et al.; (2002) [22]	Case control study	control subjects size = 449	74.0±0.6^∗	17.3±0.2^∗	3.0±0.0^∗	2.3±0.1		58.4±0.2
		Patients HPV-DNA 16 size = 433	38.4±1.1^∗	6.0±0.2^∗	1.3±0.1^∗	1.4±0.1		40.1±0.7
		Patients HPV-DNA 18 size = 436	56.1±0.5^∗	9.1±0.2^∗	2.9±0.0^∗	2.3±0.1		53.0±0.2
		Patients HPV-DNA 6/11 size = 451	47.1±0.5^∗	7.0±0.2^∗	2.1±0.0^∗	3.3±0.1		51.4±0.4
		Patients HPV-DNA 31 size = 434	53.4±0.6^∗	8.6±0.1^∗	2.7±0.0^∗	2.4±0.1		52.0±0.4
		Patients HPV-DNA 33 size = 424	46.0±1.3^∗	10.8±0.4^∗	3.0±0.0^∗	2.9±0.1		47.3±1.3
		controls DQA1 size = 437	47.0±0.6^∗	6.5±0.1^∗	2.7±0.0^∗	4.3±0.3		49.6±1.0

^∗𝑃<0.05.