Pharmacological Strategies to Prevent Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Table 6

Prospective, randomized clinical trials comparing efficacy of vitamin E with placebo and other agents for contrast-induced AKI after angiography prophylaxis.

Authors	Year	Type of procedure and contrast media	Number of patients; Intervention versus control	Study protocol		Intravascular volume expansion and NAC protocol	CI-AKI definition	Mean GFR; Intervention versus control (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	Incidence of CI-AKI		RRT requirement; Intervention versus control (%)
				Intervention	Control				Intervention versus control (%)	𝑃 value
Tasanarong et al. [93]	2009	CAG; Iopromide	51 versus; 52	Alpha tocopherol 525 IU po OD for 2 days before	Placebo	NSS 1 mL/kg/h 12 hours before and after	↑Cr ≥25%/2 days or; ↑Cr ≥0.5/2 days	41 versus; 42	5.88 versus; 23.08	0.02	0 versus; 0
Tasanarong et al. [94]	2013	CAG; Iopromide	102 versus; 102 versus; 101	Po 5 days before and 2 days after of; (1) α-tocopherol 350 mg/d; (2) γ-tocopherol 300 mg/d	Placebo	NSS 1 mL/kg/h 12 hours before and after	↑Cr ≥25%/2 days or; ↑Cr ≥0.5/2 days	45 versus; 46 versus; 43	4.9 versus; 5.9 versus; 14.9	0.02	0 versus; 0 versus; 0
Kitzler et al. [95]	2012	CT; Iopromide	10 versus; 10 versus 10	Vitamin E emulsion 540 mg IV every 6 hours 12 hours before and after	(1) NAC 1200 mg po every 6 hours 12 hours before and after plus placebo; (2) Placebo	N/2 1 mL/kg/h 12 hours before and after	↑Cr ≥25%/2 days	64 versus; 56 versus 63	0 versus; 0 versus 0	NS	ND

CAG: coronary angiography; CI-AKI: contrast-induced acute kidney injury; Cr: creatinine; CysC: cystatin C; CT: computed tomography; d: day; h: hour; IV: intravenous; kg: kilogram body weight; mg: milligram; mL: milliliter; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; ND: no data; N/2: 0.45% NaCl; OD: once daily; po: per oral route; q12h: every 12 hours; RRT: renal replacement therapy.