Pulmonary Rehabilitation: The Reference Therapy for Undernourished Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Table 2

Current contraindications to androgen therapy in COPD patients (from [83]).

Expected survival < 6 months
Previous history or actual hormono-dependent cancer (prostate or breast cancer)
Prostatic nodule without any urological evaluation
International prostate symptom score (IPSS) > 19/35
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > 4 ng/mL (>3 ng/mL if familial (1st degree) history of prostate cancer or if black people)
Previous history of psychotic disorders
Acute heart failure
Coronary heart disease in the past 6 months
Sleep apnea in the absence of ventilator support
Hematocrit > 50%
ASAT or ALAT > 3 times of normal values
Pulmonary artery hypertension
Neuromuscular diseases

ALAT: alanine aminotransferase; ASAT: aspartate aminotransferase.