Epinephrine Enhances the Response of Macrophages under LPS Stimulation
Figure 3
Time-dependent effect of epinephrine on macrophage secretion under LPS stimulation. The macrophages were pretreated with 10 ng/mL epinephrine for different intervals (0.5 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 5 hours) and then stimulated by 10 ng/mL LPS for another 1 hour. The levels of cytokines including (a) TNFα, (b) IL-1β, (c) IL-6, and (d) IL-10 levels in each group were measured by ELISA. , , compared with the 0 h control group.
