Walking Recovery after a Hip Fracture: A Prospective Follow-Up Study among Community-Dwelling over 60-Year Old Men and Women
Table 1
Characteristics of participants by walking trajectories in walking outdoors (, mean ± SD, median value/ (%), value) and binary logistic regression model for statistically significant variables as a predictor for catastrophic trajectory.
Trajectory
Binary logistic regression
No-to-minor-difficulty
Catastrophic
value
Model Ie
Model IIf
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
Demographic and prefracture information
Age
50
0.362
Women (%)
50
42 (84)
31
21 (68)
0.087
Body height (cm)
50
0.489
Body weight (kg)
50
1
Number of chronic diseases
50
0.343
Osteoarthritis
50
5 (10)
31
5 (16)
0.415
Osteoporosis
50
4 (8)
31
6 (19)
0.131
Diabetes
50
4 (8)
31
5 (16)
0.258
Walking aid outdoors before fracture (%)
46
16 (35)
30
23 (77)
<0.001
6.55 (2.05–20.96)
7.91 (2.20–28.51)
Falling indoors, year before the fracture
49
8 (16)
31
12 (39)
0.024
4.19 (1.32–13.32)
3.74 (1.04–13.51)
Falling outdoors, year before the fracture
49
16 (33)
31
12 (39)
0.580
C-statistic of the model
0.82
Hospital information
Collum fracture, S72.0 (%)
50
31 (62)
31
21 (68)
0.600
Type of surgery (%)
50
31
0.338
Fixation
24 (48)
14 (45)
Hemiarthroplasty
18 (36)
15 (48)
Total hip replacement
8 (16)
2 (6)
Lowest haemoglobin after surgery (g/L)
48
29
0.356
Time from fracture to surgery (days)
50
31
0.821
Information at discharge
Difficulties in walking at the ward (%)
44
3 (7)
30
2 (7)
0.980
Offending pain at discharge (%)
43
12 (28)
28
17 (61)
0.006
5.97 (1.89–18.89)
5.66 (1.70–18.82)
Duration of inpatient period (days)
50
0.006
1.05 (1.01–1.09)
1.04 (1.00–1.09)
C-statistic of the model
0.79
Information 6 weeks after the discharge
Prescribed pain medication
50
27 (54)
31
23 (74)
0.069
Lower body pain (VAS)d
50
30
0.002
1.09 (1.04–1.15)
1.10 (1.03–1.17)
Functional balance (score)c
48
30
0.002
0.89 (0.82–0.96)
0.93 (0.85–1.02)
Knee extension force, nonfractured side (N)
49
29
0.029
0.92 (0.85–0.98)
0.93 (0.84–1.02)g
Knee extension force, fractured side (N)
46
28
0.059
Handgrip force (N)
49
30
0.359
Time in home-dwelling (days)
50
31
0.067
C-statistic of the model
0.86
value is adjusted with the body weight using marginal means.
bADL: activities of daily living.
cBBS: range 0–56.
dVAS: range 0–600.
eModel I: OR for prediction in logistic regression for statistically significant variables adjusted for age and gender.
fModel II: OR for prediction in logistic regression for all statistically significant variables from Model I in one time point, adjusted for age and gender.
gVAS and knee extension force were divided by 10 for the regression analysis. Statistically significantly different values between the study groups are bolded and values are in italic.