Complete Workplace Indoor Smoking Ban and Smoking Behavior among Male Workers and Female Nonsmoking Workers’ Husbands: A Pseudo Cohort Study of Japanese Public Workers
Table 2
Current smoker prevalence, decrease, and difference-in-differences (DID) estimates among male public office workers according to smoking ban categories.
Smoking ban categories
Current smoker prevalence
Effect size of the public office smoking ban
2001 %
2010 %
Decrease, % point (95% CI)
Decrease by percent change, %
DID estimatesa, % point (95% CI)
Total male workers
46.4
31.6
14.8 (13.5, 16.2)
31.9
Partial smoking ban
46.8
32.9
13.9 (12.6, 15.3)
29.8
Early smoking ban (2003–2007)
46.8
32.0
14.8 (13.5, 16.1)
31.6
0.9 (−3.0, 4.7)
Recent smoking ban (after 2007)
45.7
30.0
15.8 (14.4, 17.1)
34.5
1.8 (−1.5, 5.2)
Male workers aged 25–39 yearsb
Partial smoking ban
47.4
33.3
14.1 (12.8, 15.5)
29.8
Early smoking ban (2003–2007)
47.3
33.2
14.1 (12.8, 15.4)
29.8
0.0 (−5.5, 5.4)
Recent smoking ban (After 2007)
43.6
30.9
12.8 (11.4, 14.1)
29.2
−1.4 (−6.0, 3.3)
Male workers aged 40–50 yearsb
Partial smoking ban
46.2
32.4
13.8 (12.5, 15.2)
29.9
Early smoking ban (2003–2007)
46.4
30.7
15.7 (14.3, 17.0)
33.8
1.8 (−3.7, 7.4)
Recent smoking ban (After 2007)
47.7
28.9
18.8 (17.5, 20.1)
39.4
5.0 (0.2, 9.8)
The category of “Partial smoking ban” was used as a reference. Positive value of DID estimates represents smoking cessation rates among male workers.
bCategorized by age in June 2001. CI: confidence interval.
