Pharmacology of Hallucinations: Several Mechanisms for One Single Symptom?

Table 1

Characteristics of main pictures of hallucinations.

	Psychostimulants; (cocaine, amphetamine)	Dissociative anesthetics; (PCP, ketamine)	Psychedelics; (LSD, psilocybin)	Schizophrenia; (paranoid)
Supposed pharmacological mode of action	D2R activation	NMDAR blockage	5HT2AR activation	D2R activation/NMDAR blockage
Main type of hallucinations	Auditory	Visual	Visual	Auditory
Most frequent associated delusions	Paranoid	paranoid	Mystical	Paranoid
Most frequent associated behaviour	Agitation	Social withdrawal	Mystical feelings	Variable
Insightfulness	No	No	Yes	No