Antagonizing Interferon-Mediated Immune Response by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Figure 2
Interference with type I IFN-activated JAK/STAT signaling pathway and antiviral ISGs. IFN-α/-β binds to their receptors IFNAR-1 and IFNAR-2 on cell membrane, which activates JAK/STAT pathway. “P” besides STAT1 and STAT2 indicates phosphorylation. PRRSV nsp1β inhibits ISGF3 nuclear translocation via inducing degradation of KPNA1, which is essential for mediating the nuclear import of ISGF3. N protein also inhibits ISGF3 nuclear translocation. And nsp2 reduces ISG15 production and conjugation via its deubiquitination activity.