Economic Impact of NMMO Pretreatment on Ethanol and Biogas Production from Pinewood

Table 3

The amount of raw materials/products and utilities used/produced in each scenario.

	Scenario 1	Scenario 2	Scenario 3	Scenario 4	Price (€/kg)
Raw materials (tpy)^1
Pinewood (wet)	105,263	105,263	105,263	105,263	0.06
Nutrients	1100	200	1100	200	0.6
pH control	200	1220	200	1220	0.24/0.15^2
Enzymes	1,512		1,512		1.226
NMMO	1,536	1,536			4
Products (tpy)^3
Methane (m^3/y)		21,387,468		16,538,970	1.15^4
Biogas (m^3/y)	5,952,956		5,217,778		0.75^5
Solid residue (lignin)	51,317	51,248	56,884	59,112	0.04
LP steam 2^6			61,912	61,920	0.003
Ethanol (m^3/y)	30,015		22,132		0.85^7
CO2	21,921		18,480		0.05
Sludge from WWT	250	3,879	232	3,612	0.04
Utilities (tpy)^3
Process water	166,324	123,815	121,424	62,264	0.0001
LP steam^6			30,500	30,500	0.004
HP steam^8	32,324	3,154	89,171	60,000	0.008
Electricity (Mwh)	17,964	18,076	14,086	14,379	30

tpy: ton per year
²The main material for controlling pH in fermentation is NaOH solution (0.24 €/kg). In anaerobic digestion sodium carbonate (0.15 €/kg) is mainly added for maintaining the buffering capacity.
³tpy: ton per year, unless stated.
⁴The biomethane is sold at price of 1.15 €/m³, which excludes VAT and selling and distribution costs.
⁵The biogas is sold at price of 0.75 €/m³, which excludes VAT and selling and distribution costs.
⁶LP steam: low pressure steam.
⁷The price unit is 0.85 €/lit of bioethanol (99.9%). The price excludes VAT and selling and distribution costs.
⁸HP steam: high pressure steam.