Patients with Poor Response to Antipsychotics Have a More Severe Pattern of Frontal Atrophy: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study of Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia

Table 2

Regional gray matter differences across the three groups.

Region	Side	Omnibus	POST-HOC
			Resp-SC < NV	NonResp-SC < NV	NonResp-SC < Resp-SC
Postcentral gyrus	Left	2.2		2	0.8
Precentral gyrus	Left	1.5	0.6	1.4
Superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral	Left	2.4		1.6	0.9
Middle frontal gyrus	Left	3.1	0.6	2.9	1.5
Precentral gyrus	Right	1		0.8
Rolandic operculum	Right	0.5		0.5
Middle Frontal gyrus	Right	2.2		2.2	0.6
Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part	Right	1.1		1
Inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part	Right	0.7		0.6
Insula	Right	2.2		2.2
Amygdala	Right	0.7		0.7

Volumes (in cc) of the clusters of significant gray matter differences (less than 1 false-positive cluster expected) across the three groups of patients at ANCOVA (omnibus test) and at the three post-hoc tests.
Localization is according to Tzourio-Mazoyer, et al. [24].
Structures involved for less than 0.5 cc are not listed.
NV: Normal Volunteers.
NonResp-SC: Non-Responder schizophrenia patients.
Resp-SC: Responder schizophrenia patients.