Cardioprotection: A Review of Current Practice in Global Ischemia and Future Translational Perspective

Table 1

Composition of crystalloid (intracellular type: Custodiol, HTK, Bretschneider’s, and extracellular type: Plegisol, St. Thomas solution) and blood based cardioplegic solutions.

Formulation ingredient	Crystalloid-based cardioplegia		Blood-based cardioplegia		Units
	Intracellular Custodiol, HTK, Bretschneider’s	Extracellular Plegisol, St. Thomas solution	Blood cardioplegia induction 4 : 1	Blood cardioplegia maintenance 4 : 1
Na^+	15	110	140	140	mmol/L
K^+	9	16	20	10	mmol/L
Mg^2+	4	16	13	9	mmol/L
Ca^2+	0.015	1.2	—	—	mmol/L
Histidine	198	—	—	—	mmol/L
Tryptophan	2	—	—	—	mmol/L
Ketoglutarate	1	—	—	—	mmol/L
Mannitol	30	—	—	—	mmol/L
Glucose	—	—	6	6	mmol/L
Lidocaine	—		260	—	mg/L
pH	7.02–7.20	7.8	7.2	7.4	[H^+]