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Study | Design | Patients | Lesions | Tumor volume or size (median) | Type of mets | Dose | Median FU | LC | OS | Toxicity |
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Herfarth et al. (2001) [22] | Phase I/II | 33 | 56 | NR by patient | NR by patient (only by lesion) | Dose escalation, 14–26 Gy (1 fx) | 18 mo | 18-mo LC, 67% | 1-yr OS, 72% | No significant toxicity reported |
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Méndez Romero et al., (2006) [23] | Phase I/II (HCC and mets) | 25 (17 liver mets) | 34 | 1.1–322 mL (22.2 mL) | CRC (14) Lung (1) Breast (1) Carcinoid (1) | 30–37.5 Gy (3 fx) | 12.9 mo | 1-yr LC, 100% 2-yr LC, and 86% | 1-yr OS, 85%, 2-yr OS, 62% | 2 transient grade 3 elevated liver enzymes. |
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Hoyer et al. (2006) [24] | Phase II (CRC oligomets) | 64 (44 liver mets) | NR | 1–8.8 cm (3.5 cm) | CRC (44) | 45 Gy (3 fx) | 4.3 yr | 2-yr LC, 79% (by tumor) and 64% (by patient) | 2-yr OS, 38% | 1 liver failure, 2 severe late GI toxicities |
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Rusthoven et al. (2009) [25] | Phase I/II | 47 | 63 | 0.75–97.98 mL (14.93 mL) | CRC (15) Lung (10) Breast (4) Ovarian (3) Esophageal (3) HCC (2) Other (10) | Dose escalation, 36–60 Gy (3 fx) | 16 mo | 1-yr LC, 95% 2-yr LC, 92% | Median survival, 20.5 mo, 2-yr OS, 30% | No RILD 1 grade 3 soft tissue toxicity |
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Lee et al. (2009) [26] | Phase I/II | 68 | 140 | 1.2–3,090 mL (75.9 mL) | CRC (40) Breast (12) Gallbladder (4) Lung (2) Anal canal (2) Melanoma (2) Other (6) | Individualized dose, 27.7–60 Gy (6 fx) | 10.8 mo | 1-yr LC, 71% | Median survival, 18 mo | No RILD 10% grade 3/4 acute toxicity, no grade 3/4 late toxicity |
|
Ambrosino et al. (2009) [27] | Prospective cohort | 27 | 1–3 lesions for each patient | 20–165 mL (69 mL) | CRC (11) Other (16) | 25–60 Gy (3 fx) | 13 mo | Crude LC rate 74% | | No serious toxicity |
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Rule et al. (2011) [28] | Phase I | 27 | 37 | NR | | Dose escalation, 30 Gy (3 fx), 50 Gy (3 fx), 60 Gy (5 fx) | 20 mo | 24-mo LC: (30 Gy) 56%; (50 Gy ) 89%; (60 Gy ) 100 | | No serious toxicity |
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Scorsetti et al. (2013) [29] | Phase II | 61 | 76 | 1.8–134.3 mL (18.6 mL) | CRC (29) Breast (11) GY (7) Other (14) | 75 Gy (3 fx) | 12 mo | 12-mo LC 94% | Median survival, 19 mo; 12-mo OS, 83.5%; 18-mo OS, 65% | No RILD |
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