Tooth Movement out of the Bony Wall Using Augmented Corticotomy with Nonautogenous Graft Materials for Bone Regeneration

Figure 4

Microphotograph of a buccopalatal section from the maxilla. (a) Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) graft. (b) Higher magnification of (a). Red stars indicate DBBM particles that were embedded in and bridged with newly formed bone within the bone-derived mesenchymal matrix. (c) Higher magnification of (b). Active aggregated osteoblasts were observed to form new bone matrix. (d) Irradiated cortical bone (ICB) graft. Most of the grafted ICB particles were resorbed. Grafted ICB particles were embedded in bone-derived mesenchymal matrix, encircled by a newly formed bone wall (yellow arrows). Newly formed bone walls in the mesenchymal matrix appeared to represent buccal bone expansion or bursting. (e) Higher magnification of (d). Grafted particles were bridged with newly formed bone. (f) Higher magnification of (e). Active osteoclasts and osteoblasts are shown. Grafted ICB particles were still resorbed by osteoclasts within the bone-derived mesenchymal matrix. (g) Micromacroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (SB; MBCP⁺) graft. Some of the grafted SB particles were embedded in the newly formed buccal bone wall and faced the PDL-derived mesenchymal matrix. (h) Higher magnification of (g). Grafted SB particles were resorbed by osteoclasts in the PDL-derived mesenchymal matrix and embedded in newly formed buccal bone. Small capillaries were abundant around the grafted particles (black star). (i) Higher magnification of (h). The surface of grafted SB particles was covered with newly formed bone and resorbed by osteoclasts in the process of remodeling. Masson’s trichrome stain. Original magnification for (a), (d), and (g): ×12.5; for (b), (e), and (h): ×100; for (c), (f), and (i): ×400.

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