Acute Kidney Injury by Radiographic Contrast Media: Pathogenesis and Prevention

Figure 1

The complex mechanisms that lead to radiocontrast-associated decline of GFR. The dotted arrows indicate the reaction of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) (superoxide anions: ) with nitric oxide (NO) that not only causes a reduction in NO levels but also leads to the formation of peroxynitrite anion (), a potent oxidant that causes cell injury.