The Ratio of Estimated Average Glucose to Fasting Plasma Glucose Level Is Superior to Glycated Albumin, Hemoglobin A1c, Fructosamine, and GA/A1c Ratio for Assessing β-Cell Function in Childhood Diabetes
Table 2
C-peptide, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR levels according to the median values of the GA/A1c ratio and the eAG/fPG ratio in patients with T2DM.
Type 2 diabetes
GA/A1c ratio
eAG/fPG ratio
<2.21
≥2.21
<1.48
≥1.48
Number of subjects
37
38
37
38
Age (years)
13 (10–18)
13 (9–16)
12 (9–17)
13 (9–18)
BMI (kg/m2)
26.2 (13.4–39.2)
22.1 (15.8–29.6)a
23.2 (13.4–34.2)
25.1 (17.1–39.2)
Duration of diabetes (years)
1 (0–6.2)
0.3 (0–4.6)a
0.5 (0–4.3)
0.8 (0–6.2)
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)
7.4 (7.2–12.1)
8.4 (7.4–16.4)a
8.2 (7.3–16.4)
7.4 (7.2–13.2)b
HbA1c (%)
6.7 (5.9–11.6)
8.1 (6.4–14.3)a
8.3 (6.2–14.3)
6.6 (5.9–11.4)b
Glycated albumin (%)
12.3 (9.2–30.7)
19.9 (12.5–39.4)a
19.1 (10.2–39.4)
12.4 (9.2–32.5)b
C-peptide (ng/mL)
4.35 (2.06–14.6)
2.86 (0.82–4.52)a
2.75 (0.82–5.47)
3.95 (2.12–14.6)b
Insulin (U/mL)
33.4 (14.2–58.3)
12.2 (5.37–24.8)a
12.0 (5.37–23.1)
24.6 (16.1–58.3)b
HOMA-β (%)
158.9 (91.1–753.5)
64.9 (12.9–79)a
63.5 (12.9–161.6)
154.2 (70.2–753.5)b
HOMA-IR
3.7 (1.4–7.2)
2.5 (0.8–4.7)
2.7 (0.8–4.9)
3.1 (1.6–7.2)
Data are expressed as median (range).
a,bStatistically significant (), versus groups with a GA/A1c ratio (<2.21) and an eAG/fPG ratio (<1.48), respectively, computed by a Mann-Whitney U test. BMI, body mass index; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; eAG/fPG ratio, the ratio of estimated average glucose to fasting plasma glucose; GA/A1c ratio, the ratio of glycated albumin to HbA1c level.
