Assessment of DNA Damage and Telomerase Activity in Exfoliated Urinary Cells as Sensitive and Noninvasive Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer in Ex-Workers of a Rubber Tyres Industry

Table 1

Distribution of the studied population in different classes of risk on the basis of working information.

Tasks/working stage	Exposure time (years)	Exposure period	Class of risk	Number of subjects
Cabine electrician	<20	Not relevant	1	6
Machines maintenance-greasing	<10	Not relevant
Tubes checking-inflating	<10	Not relevant
Cabine electrician	>20		2	20
Machines maintenance-greasing	10–15
Worker stages 1/2/4 (higher exposure risk)	<3	1962–1980
Worker stages 1/2/4 (higher exposure risk)	<5	1981–2006
Tubes checking-inflating	>10
Machines maintenance-greasing	>15		3	29
Worker stages 1/2/4 (higher exposure risk)	3–5	1962–1980
Worker stages 1/2/4 (higher exposure risk)	5–10	1981–2006
Worker stages 1/2/4 (higher exposure risk)	5–10	1962–1980	4	30
Worker stages 1/2/4 (higher exposure risk)	>10	1981–2006
Worker stages 1/2/4 (higher exposure risk)	>10	1962–1980	5	74