Beneficial Effects of Testosterone Therapy on Functional Capacity, Cardiovascular Parameters, and Quality of Life in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure

Table 5

Improvement in quality of life following testosterone therapy adjusted for baseline variables using the multivariate linear regression modeling.

Item	Standardized beta*	𝑃 value^†
Testosterone therapy	0.419	0.035
Advanced age	0.319	0.195
Body mass index	0.015	0.936
Diabetes mellitus	0.022	0.912
Hypertension	0.236	0.296
Hyperlipidemia	0.124	0.514
Cigarette smoking	0.062	0.719
NYHA classification	0.070	0.706

𝑅-square = 0.436.
∗The beta coefficient is used to compare the strength of a predictor within the model to predict the dependant variable or outcome so that the higher beta indicates more power of the variable to predict outcome. Because beta coefficient is potentially affected by the standard error of the variable, the standardized beta adjusted for this error is considered.
†A 𝑃 value lees than 0.05 indicates a significant role for predicting outcome by the considered variable.