Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Elderly Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Past, Present, and Future

Table 3

Results of the clinical trials of ASCT in elderly patients aged 65 years or older.

Authors (year)	Regimen	Number of; patients	CR/nCR	≥PR	Median; PFS/EFS	Median; OS	TRM
Palumbo et al., (2004) [32]	MP	36	8%	50%	16.4 mo	37.2 mo	3%
	DAV + MEL 100	44	25%^*1	68%	28.0 mo^*2	58.0 mo^*3	7%
Facon et al., (2007) [33]	MP	196	2%	35%	17.8 mo	33.2 mo	2%
	MPT	125	13%^**1	76%^**2	27.5 mo^**2	51.6 mo^**3	0%
	VAD + MEL 100	126	18%^**2	65%^**2	19.4 mo	38.3 mo	5%
Gay et al., (2013) [36]	PAD + MEL 100 + LP-L	102	53%	95%	48 mo	63% at 5 yr	8%

CR: complete response; nCR: near complete response; PR: partial response; PFS: progression-free survival; EFS: event-free survival; OS: overall survival; TRM: treatment-related mortality; MP: melphalan + prednisone; DAV: dexamethasone + doxorubicin + vincristine; MEL: melphalan; MPT: melphalan + prednisone + thalidomide; VAD: vincristine + adriamycin + dexamethasone; PAD: bortezomib + pegylated liposomal doxorubicin + dexamethasone; LP: lenalidomide + prednisone; L: lenalidomide; mo: months, yr: years.
^∗1𝑃=0.05, ^∗2𝑃=0.023, ^∗3𝑃=0.04, ^∗∗1𝑃=0.0008, ^∗∗2𝑃<0.0001, ^∗∗3𝑃=0.0006 (in comparison with MP).