Modulation of Steroidogenic Pathway in Rat Granulosa Cells with Subclinical Cd Exposure and Insulin Resistance: An Impact on Female Fertility

Figure 4

Effect of IR and Cd either alone or in combination on serum estradiol levels. The values are represented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (). Estradiol was observed to be significantly decreased in Cd, IR, and IR + Cd group (, , and ) as compared to control group. IR and IR + Cd group showed significant decrease in estradiol (^### and ^###) as compared to Cd group.