Nonpharmacological Strategies to Prevent Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Table 1

Risk factors for contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

Patient-related

Procedure-related

(i) eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 before intra-arterial administration; (ii) eGFR less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m^2 before intravenous administration; (iii) In particular, in combination with; diabetic nephropathy; dehydration; congestive heart failure (NYHA grade 3-4) and low LVEF; recent myocardial infarction (<24 hours); intra-aortic balloon pump; periprocedural hypotension; low hematocrit level; age over 70 years; concurrent administration of nephrotoxic drugs; (iv) Known or suspected acute kidney injury

(i) Intra-arterial administration of contrast media; (ii) High osmolality agents; (iii) Large doses of contrast media; (iv) Multiple contrast media administrations within a few days