Optimal Management of the Critically Ill: Anaesthesia, Monitoring, Data Capture, and Point-of-Care Technological Practices in Ovine Models of Critical Care

Table 3

Categories of animal intensive care unit (ICU) theatre devices used in ovine models of critical care research at the Critical Care Research Group (CCRG) Laboratory.

Continuous monitors	Life support	Point-of-care technology
Global	(i) Fluid pumps	(i) Blood gas analysis
(i) Cardiovascular (ECG, ABP, HR, CVP, CCO, and SvO2)	(ii) Mechanical ventilators	(ii) Centrifuges
(ii) Respiratory oxygenation(SPO2), ventilation; (ETCO2 and EIT)	(iii) Patient warming sources	(iii) Refractometer
(iii) Core body temperature	(iv) Oxygen delivery	(iv) Microdialysate analysers
(iv) Neurological monitoring (cEEG)	(v) Suction apparatus	(v) Multiplatelet function
Regional	(vi) ECMO	(vi) Rotational thromboelastometry
(i) Tissue oximetry	(vii) RRT	(vii) Fluoroscopy
(ii) Tissue perfusion	(viii) HFOV	(viii) Surface and intracardiac echocardiography (USCOM and iCATHe)
(iii) Tissue metabolism	(ix) VADs	(ix) Renal Doppler
	(x) TAH (BiVACOR)
	(xi) Inhaled NO therapy

ECG: electrocardiograph; ABP: arterial blood pressure; HR: heart rate; CVP: continuous venous pressure; CCO: continuous cardiac output; SvO₂: mixed venous oxygen saturation; ETCO₂: end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure; EIT: electrical impedance tomography; cEEG: continuous electroencephalogram; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; RRT: renal replacement therapy; HFOV: high frequency oscillatory ventilation; NO: nitric oxide; USCOM: ultrasonic cardiac output monitor; iCATHe: intracatheter echocardiography; VADs: ventricular assist devices; TAH: total artificial heart.