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Flavonoid | Bioavailability | Plant |
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Quercetin | Anti-inflammatory [35] Antihypertensive [40] Vasodilator effects [41] Antiobesity [47] Antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic [50] | Morus alba L [48] Camellia chinensis [53, 54] Allium fistulosum and Calamus scipionum[54] Moringa oleifera [17, 55] Centella asiatica [56] Hypericum hircinum [57] Hypericum perforatum [58] |
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Kaempferol | Enhances endothelium vasorelaxation [61] Protective effects against endothelial damage [62] Reduce oxidative stress [63] Antiatherosclerotic [65] Antihyperlipidemic [67] | Moringa oleifera [17, 55] Centella asiatica [56] Ginkgo biloba, Equisetum spp., Tilia spp., Sophora japonica, and propolis [60] Euonymus alatus [68] Kaempferia galanga L [69] |
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Myricetin | Antiplatelet [75] Cytoprotective effects [76] Antihypertensive [77] Antiobesity and antihyperlipidemic [78] Antiartherosclerotic [80] | Calamus scipronum [54] Moringa oleifera and Aloe vera [17] Ampelopsis cantoniensis [79] Myrica cerifera L [81] Chrysobalanus icaco L [82] |
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Rutin | Anti-inflammatory [86, 87] Improves capillary fragility and antihypertensive [89]
Suppresses oxidative stress and antiobesity [90] Antiartherosclerotic [91] Antihypercholesterolemic [93] | Dimorphandra mollis [93] Flos hippocastani [94] Ruta graveolens [95] Rhus cotinus [96] Phyllanthus amarus [97] |
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Naringenin | Antihypercholesterolemic [104] Antiatherogenic and antiobesity [106] Anti-inflammatory [111] | Typha angustata [105] Solanum lycopersicum and citrus fruits [113, 114] Mentha aquatica L [115] Citrus aurantium [116] Acacia podalyriifolia [117] |
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Catechin | Antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory [121–124] Cardioprotective effects [123] Antiatherosclerotic [126] Antihypercholesterolemic [127] Antihypertensive [128] | Camellia sinensis [123, 125–130] Betula pubescens and Betula pendula [131] Cocos nucifera [132] Argania spinosa [133] Cassia fistula [134] |
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Fisetin | Antioxidative [136] Anti-inflammatory [137] Antiproliferative [139] Antiobesity [142] Antiatherosclerotic [80] | Butea frondosa, Gleditsia triacanthos, and Quebracho colorado [146] Curcuma longa [147] Rhus verniciflua [148] Acacia greggii and Acacia berlandieri [149] |
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Gossypetin | Suppresses LDL oxidation [143] Reduces oxidative stress [150] Antihyperlipidemic [150] Antiatherosclerotic [151] | Hibiscus spp. [151] Hibiscus sabdariffa [150] Hibiscus vitifolius, Hibiscus esculentus, Empetrum nigrum, and Acacia constricta [152] Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, Fremontia californica, Thespesia populnea, and Fagonia cretica [153] |
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