Arterial Elasticity, Strength, Fatigue, and Endurance in Older Women

Table 1

Subject characteristics and physiologic, Fatigue, and performance measures. Sample size is 91 (15 AA and 76 EA) unless otherwise indicated. (mean ± SD).

Age (years)	65.0±3.9
Height (cm)	165.0±5.8
Weight (kg)	73.9±11.4
% Fat	42.8±6.0
Leg lean tissue (kg)	12.9±1.9
VO2 max (mL/kg/min, 𝑁=77)	23.7±4.1
Treadmill endurance (min, 𝑁=77)	13.1±3.0
Loss of energy^a (𝑁=74)	0.68±0.68
Fatigue/tiredness^b (𝑁=74)	0.53±0.53
Maximum voluntary contraction (N.M, 𝑁=40)	116.9±26.7
Maximum voluntary contraction + electrical stimulation (N.M, 𝑁=40)	123.6±26.5
VOL (𝑁=40)	22.2±18.6
ESTIM (𝑁=40)	40.2±14.5
CAR1 (𝑁=40)	90.9±6.4
CAR30 (𝑁=40)	89.5±9.1
Large artery elasticity	13.1±4.7
Small artery elasticity	4.0±1.8
SBP (mm Hg, 𝑁=90)	126.7±14.9
DBP (mm Hg, 𝑁=90)	70.7±10.2

aScored as 4, very low energy, to 0, full of energy; ^bscored as 4, exceedingly fatigued or tired, to 0, no feelings of fatigue or tiredness.
VOL = % drop in force for 30 voluntary maximal contractions.
ESTIM = % drop in force for voluntary contraction + electrical stimulation during 30 voluntary maximal contractions. CAR1 = Central Activation Ratio for the first repetition in the fatigue test.
CAR30 = Central Activation Ratio for the 30th repetition in the fatigue test.