Knowledge, Attitudes, and Smoking Behaviours among Physicians Specializing in Public Health: A Multicentre Study

Table 3

Results of the binary logistic regression analysis for the outcome “being current smokers.” Dependent variable: “being current smokers.” Independent variable: age, gender, year of attendance, macroregion (south), macro-region (north), macroregion (centre), “should HPs get specific training on cessation techniques?”; “do HPs serve as role models for their patients and the public?”; “should HPs regularly advise smokers to quit chewing tobacco/smoking cigar or pipe?”; “do HPs have a role in giving advice or information about smoking cessation to patients?”.  

Variables	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Age
<30 (reference)*	1	1
≥30	0.65 (0.39–1.07)	0.88 (0.51–1.56)
Gender
Female (reference)*	1	1
Male	1.83 (1.09–3.07)	1.79 (1.06–3.03)
Year of attendance**
1-2 years (reference)*	1	1
3-4 years	1.05 (0.57–1.92)	1.06 (0.56–1.2)
Macroregion
Centre (reference)*	1	1
South	1.67 (0.99–2.87)	1.85 (1.05–3.24)
Macroregion
Centre (reference)*	1	1
North	0.93 (0.57–1.52)	1.51 (0.77–2.95)
Should HPs get specific training on cessation techniques?
No (reference)*	1	1
Yes	0.51 (0.20–1.31)	0.64 (0.23–1.82)
Do HPs serve as role models for their patients and the public?
No (reference)*	1	1
Yes	0.61 (0.34–1.1)	0.58 (0.32–1.05)
Should HPs regularly advise smokers to quit chewing tobacco/smoking cigar or pipe?
No (reference)*	1	1
Yes	0.57 (0.14–2.29)	2.09 (0.2–22.77)
Do HPs have a role in giving advice or information about smoking cessation to patients?
No (reference)*	1	1
Yes	0.24 (0.48–1.23)	0.31 (0.06–1.61)

Hosmer and Lemeshow Test: 𝑃=0.62.
∗Reference group; **Hosmer-Lemeshow procedure (Hosmer and Lemeshow 1989) [15] (only covariates having a 𝑃 value <0.25 at univariate analysis were introduced into the models).
All variables were transformed into binary ones.
Age: <30 versus ≥30 (because the possible answers were 25–29 or ≥30); gender: female versus male; year of attendance: 1-2 years versus 3-4 years; macroregion: centre versus south and centre versus north; and all the others (should HPs get specific training on cessation techniques?; do HPs serve as role models for their patients and the public?; should HPs regularly advise smokers to quit chewing tobacco/smoking cigar or pipe?; do HPs have a role in giving advice or information about smoking cessation to patients?) as no versus yes.