|
| miRNA | Deregulation in MM (versus normal control unless specified) | Targets/function/clinical relevance | Association with clinical parameters |
|
| 21 | Upregulated in MM and MGUS [84, 88];
upregulated in primary PCL versus MM [86] | PIAS3 [126],
PTEN [125],
Rho-B [102, 125],
BTG2 [125];
induced by STAT3 in response to IL-6 [83] | |
|
| 221, 222 | 221: upregulated in MM [84, 87, 88];
222: upregulated in MGUS [84, 88], MM [87, 88];
221 and 222: upregulated in relapse/refractory MM [85] | p27Kip1, PUMA, PTEN and p57Kip2 [132] | |
|
| 17-92 cluster (17, 18a, 19a, 19b-1, 20a, 92a) | Upregulated in MM but not in MGUS [84];
upregulated in MM [87, 88, 133];
Positively regulated by Myc [110];
lower plasma miR-92a level in MM than MGUS, SMM and normal.[97] | BIM, SOCS1 [84]; P21 [87] | Higher 92a was associated with shorter OS [86];
Higher 17, 20a, and 92-1 were associated with shorter PFS [110, 134];
higher 17 and 18a were associated with shorter OS [90];
Higher plasma miR-20a was associated with shorter relapse-free survival [96] |
|
| 106b~25 cluster (106b, 93, 25) | Upregulated in MM and MGUS [84];
upregulated in MM [133];
miR-25 is overexpressed in MM [128] | PCAF [84] | miR-106b was correlated with treatment response [86] |
|
| 181a/b | Upregulated in MM and MGUS [84];
upregulated in MM [85, 87, 88] | PCAF [84] | miR-181a* and miR-181b were correlated with treatment response [86] |
|
| 25, 30d, 125b | Upregulated in MM [84, 87, 128] | P53 [128] | |
|
| 32 | Upregulated in MM not in MGUS [84] | PCAF [84] | |
|
| 15a and 16-1 | Decreased in relapsed/refractory MM [85];
decreased in MM [88];
decreased in patients with 13del as compared to those without [88];
expressed in MM independent of chr13 status [134, 135] | AKT3, rpS6, MAP-kinases, MAP3KIP, VEGF [85] | Decreased in patients with ISS stage III [94];
higher expression correlates with shorter PFS [134] |
|
| 192, 194, 215 | Downregulated in MM by promoter hypermethylation [92] | Activated by TP53 and targeted MDM2, IGF1, IGF1R [92] | |
|
| 34 family | Downregulated in MM by promoter hypermethylation [115, 117] | BCL2, CDK6 and NOTCH1 [120] | |
|
| 203 | Downregulated in MM [91, 135];
decreased in MGUS and MM by promoter hypermethylation [116] | CREB1 [116] | |
|
| 33b | Downregulated in MM [107] | Involved in MLN2238-induced apoptotic signaling in MM cells [107] | |
|
| 29b | Wide variation of expression in MM and further decreased with the presence of BMSCs [106] | DNMT3A/B [124],
CDK6 [106],
MCL-1 [106, 129],
Sp1 [106];
Targeted VEGFA, IL8; induced SOCS1 [127] | |
|
| 425, 152, 24 | Downregulated in hyperdiploid MM versus nonhyperdiploid MM [93] | CCND1, TACC3, MAFB, FGFR3, MYC [93] | |
|
| 214 | Downregulated in MM versus normal PCs [91], possibly by methylation [121] | PSMD10 [121] | |
|
| 126* | Downregulated in t(4;14) MM cells;
inhibited by MMSET by heterochromatin modification [122] | c-Myc [122] | |
|
