Alleviation of Lead Toxicity by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Is Related to Elevated Growth, Photosynthesis, and Suppressed Ultrastructural Damages in Oilseed Rape

Figure 1

Effects of treatments of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) (0, 25 mg L⁻¹) and lead (Pb) (0, 100, and 400 μM) on (a) net photosynthetic rate, (b) stomatal conductance, (c) intercellular CO₂ concentration, and (d) transpiration rate of the youngest fully expanded leaf in Brassica napus cv. ZS 758. Values are means of eight readings ± SD. Columns marked with the same lowercase letters are not significantly different by the LSD test at P ≤ 0.05.

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