Review Article

Microenvironment, Oncoantigens, and Antitumor Vaccination: Lessons Learned from BALB-neuT Mice

Figure 1

Interconnections between the population present in TME in breast tumors. Elevated levels of cytokines and growth factors produced by tumor and stromal cells orchestrate tumor development and progression. Abbreviations: mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), endothelial cell (EC), cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF), cancer stem cell (CSC) adipocyte (CAA), dendritic cell (DC), natural killer (NK), regulatory T (Treg) cell, myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC), tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), T helper (Th), interleukin (IL), toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, high mobility group box (HMGB) 1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), stromal cell-derived factor- (SDF-) 1, transforming growth factor- (TGF-) , chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2, angiomotin (Amot), angiomotin-like (AmotL) 1, membrane-bound KitL (mbKitL), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) , interferon- (IFN-) , nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase (Arg) 1, indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2, transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, programmed death (PD) 1, osteopontin (OPN), prostaglandin E- (PGE-) 2, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), macrophage inflammatory protein- (MIP-) 2, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Insulin-like growth factor- (IGF-) 1, and tyrosine kinase human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2.
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