A Participatory Approach to Develop the Power Mobility Screening Tool and the Power Mobility Clinical Driving Assessment Tool

Table 5

Successive iterations of the screening tests.

Ranked screening tests; (from the survey)		List of screening tests in the first iteration of the PMCDA; (after the focus group)	Specific changes suggested during the discussion forum
Professional experts’ ranks	Screening tests
1	(i) Range of motion of the head, neck, and trunk [61, 62]; (ii) Others: (a) Knowledge of cause and effect; (b) Motor planning/problem solving ability, for example, maneuvering out of a tight spot; (c) Basic cognition: orientation to person, place, or situation	Motor; (i) Driver can functionally control an interface (joystick, head control, etc.) with appropriate body part to drive the chair; (ii) Driver controls chair with sufficient endurance (ability to tolerate sitting and operating the control interface) during the screening; Sensory; (i) Driver can visually identify an object (e.g., therapy ball) 2 meters away with clinic in background, in left, center, and right visual fields; Cognitive; (i) Driver displays ability to understand cause and effect (action on the control interface will move the chair); (ii) Driver has ability to focus, concentrate, attend to task, and shift focus within the task	Sensory; (i) Driver can identify an object (e.g., therapy ball) 2 meters away with clinic in background, in left, center, and right visual fields; Cognitive; (i) Driver has ability to focus, concentrate, attend to task, and shift focus within the task during the entire period of assessment
1.5	(i) Confrontation testing [63, 64]; (ii) Snellen’s chart (for far vision) [65]; (iii) Random Dot Stereoacuity test [66]; (iv) Others: (a) Strength of the body part that will be controlling chair; (b) Ability to use control interface, for example, switch, joystick, and so forth
2	(i) Range of motion of the upper limbs [67, 68]; (ii) Near vision acuity charts [69]; (iii) Proteus maze [70]; (iv) Continuous performance test [71]; (v) Others: (a) Minimental exam
2.5	(i) The NSUCO/Maples oculomotor test [72]; (ii) Motor-free visual perception test (MVPT) [73]; (iii) Digit span [74, 75]
3	(i) Motor coordination [76, 77]; (ii) Trail making A & B [78]; (iii) Others: (a) Functional vision—visual scanning, visual conflict; (b) Endurance with use of trial equipment with driving obstacles; (c) Reliability of use of the control interface (nonfatigable, consistent)