Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Paddy Soil, Plants, and Grains (Oryza sativa L.) at the East Coast of India

Table 3

The total concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, and Zn in rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples from the experimental sites compared with the standard values.

Elements (𝜇g g^−1)	1	2	3	4	5	6	Present study
Pb	0.2	—	1.0	—	—	0.2	0.01–1.0
Cd	0.1	—	0.15	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.02–0.05
Cu	—	10	—	—	—	10	0.1–0.23
Cr	—	—	—	—	—	1.0	0.13–0.56
Mn	—	—	—	—	—	—	5.58–7.47
Zn	—	—	50	—	—	50	3.23–7.24

Maximum permitted levels for heavy metals in food crops: (1) Commission Regulation Directive EC (2001) [59]; (2) FAO/WHO (1992) [60]; (3) Pilc et al. (1994) [58]; (4) CODEX Alimentarius Commission (2006) [61] and (5) European Food Safety Authority, EFSA [62].
(6) maximum levels of contaminants in foods (GB 13106-1991; GB 2762-2005; GB 15199-1994; GB 4810-1994) [7].