Development of a Promising Fish Model (Oryzias melastigma) for Assessing Multiple Responses to Stresses in the Marine Environment

Table 1

Expression of the cloned genes of O. melastigma in different tissues under various environmental stresses.

Functions	Genes	Exposed tissues	Exposed to	References
Reference genes	18S, Rpl7, and β-actin
Hypoxia-responsive	Telomerase reverse transcriptase (Tert)	Ovary, liver, testis, kidney, gill, brain, spleen, intestine, eye, muscle, and skin	Hypoxia	[16, 22]
	Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (Hif  1α)	Liver, testis	Hypoxia	[22]
	Erythropoietin (Epo)	Liver, testis, and embryos	Hypoxia, PFOS	[22, 23]
	Leptin receptor (Lepr)	Liver, gill, heart, kidney, gill, brain, spleen, intestine, eye, muscle, ovary, and testis	Hypoxia	[24]
	Hemoxygenase-1 (Ho)	Liver, gill, and heart	WAFs, Hypoxia	[24, 25]
Immune toxicity	Glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)	Embryos	PFOS	[26]
	Catalase (Cat)	Embryos	PFOS	[26]
	Uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2)	Embryos	PFOS	[26, 27]
	Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2)	Embryos	PFOS	[26]
	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(Ppars): Pparα, Pparβ, and Pparγ	Embryos, whole fish	PFOS, WAFs	[25, 26, 28]
Complement-related genes	Lectin, mannose-binding 2 (Mbl2)	Liver	PBDE-47	[29]
	Cyan fluorescent protein (Cfp)	Liver	PBDE-47	[29]
	Complement component: C1r/s, C3, C9, C3-2, C4, C1q, C5, C8, C1 inhibitor	Liver	PBDE-47, Vibrio parahaemolyticus	[29, 30]
	Prothrombin (F2)	Liver		[30]
	Complement factor: Hf, Bf	Liver	Vibrio parahaemolyticus	[30]
	Hepcidin (Hep): Hep1, Hep2	Liver, spleen, gill, intestine, ovary, testis, brain, and embryos	Vibrio parahaemolyticus	[30]
	Mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (Masp)	Liver	Vibrio parahaemolyticus	[30]
Inflammation-related genes	Tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα)	Embryos	PFOS, BPA	[26, 31]
	Interleukin (Il): Il1β, Il8	Embryos	PFOS, BPA	[26, 31]
	CC chemokine eotaxin-1 (Ccl11)	Embryos	BPA	[31]
	Superoxide dismutase (Sod)	Embryos	PFOS, BPA	[26, 31]
Osmoregulatory mechanism	Na^+/K^+-ATPase (Nka)	Gill, embryos	BPA, SW (35‰), BW (15‰), and FW (0)	[7, 31, 32]
	Na^+, K^+, 2Cl^− cotransporter (Nkcc): Nkcc1a, Nkcc1b, and Nkcc2	Gill, liver, testis, intestine, ovary, brain, muscle, kidney, heart, Fin, and eye	SW (35‰), BW (15‰), and FW (0)	[32]
	FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator (Fxyd): Fxyd5, Fxyd6, Fxyd7, Fxyd8, Fxyd9, Fxyd11, and Fxyd12	Gill, intestine, kidney, brain, eye, liver, and caudal fin	SW (35‰), BW (15‰), FW (0)	[5]
Cardiac development-related genes	NK2 transcription factor related 5 (Nkx2.5)	Embryos	PFOS, BPA	[23, 31]
	Cyclooxygenase (Cox): Cox1, Cox2	Embryos	PFOS, BPA	[23, 31]
	ATP synthase	Embryos	PFOS	[23, 27]
	Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp4)	Embryos	PFOS, BPA	[23, 31]
	Fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8)	Embryos	PFOS, BPA	[23, 31]
	GATA-binding protein 4 (Gata4)	Embryos	PFOS, BPA	[23, 31]
	Leptin receptor (Lerp)	Embryos	BPA	[31]
	SET and MYND domain containing 1 (Smyd1)	Embryos	PFOS	[23]
Metabolisms	Cytochrome P450 (Cyps)	Liver, gill, embryos, intestine, and ovary	PFOS, WAFs	[25, 28, 33]
	Aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh)		WAFs	[25]
	Glutathione S-transferase (Gst): Gsta, Gstk, Gsto, Gstt, and Gstz		WAFs	[25]
	Sulfotransferase (Sult): Sult1, Sult2 cytosolic, Sult2b1, Sult2b2, Sult3 cytosolic, Sult3-like, Sult4a1, and Sult6b1		WAFs	[25]
	UDP-glucuronyltransferases (Ugts): Ugt1b, Ugt2a, Ugt2a2, Ugt2a3, Ugt2b33, Ugt2b3-like, Ugt5a1, and Ugt5g1		WAFs	[25]
	Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Hsd): 3β-Hsd, 11 β-Hsd, and 17β-Hsd		WAFs	[25]
	Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (Ahr): Ahr1, Ahr2	Embryos, whole fish	PFOS, WAFs	[25, 28]
	5 α-reductase (Srd5a)		WAFs	[25]
	Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star)		WAFs	[25]
	ATP-binding cassette (Abc): Abcb1, Abcc2, Abcc3, Abcc4, and Abcg2		WAFs	[25]
	Heat shock protein (Hsp): Hsp10, Hsp22, Hsp27, Hsp30, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp75, Hsp90a, Hsp90β, Hspβ7, and Hspβ11		WAFs	[25]
	Choriogenin H and L (Chgh and Chgl)	Liver, embryos, and larvae	PFOS, E2, EE2, BPA, and NP	[28, 34]
	Kinesin superfamily7 (Kif7)	Brain, kidney, liver, muscle, ovary, and testicle		[6]
	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt)	Embryos	PFOS	[28]
	Vitellogenin (Vtg)	Embryos, liver, gill, intestine	PFOS	[28]
	Estrogen receptor (Er)	Embryos	PFOS	[28]
	Horiolysin H and L (Hce and Lce)	Embryos	PFOS	[10]

Notes: 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47), bisphenol A (BPA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), sea water (SW), fresh water (FW), brackish water (BW), 17β-Estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 4-nonylphenol (NP).