Changing the Landscape of the HIV Epidemic among MSM in China: Results from Three Consecutive Respondent-Driven Sampling Surveys from 2009 to 2011

Table 1

Demographic and behavior characteristics of MSM, Beijing, China, 2009–2011.

Variable	2009 (𝑛=500)		2010 (𝑛=385)		2011 (𝑛=427)		𝑃
	𝑁	%	𝑁	%	𝑁	%
Age group in years
18–25	173	34.6	154	40.0	147	34.4	0.5934
26–35	205	41.0	156	40.5	186	43.6
36–71	122	24.4	75	19.5	94	22.0
Education, completed college or more	174	34.8	172	44.7	208	48.7	<0.0001
Married to a woman currently	104	20.8	56	14.6	68	15.9	0.0325
Living with boyfriend	104	20.8	74	19.2	101	23.7	0.2896
Employment status
Employed	454	90.8	365	94.8	416	97.4	<0.0001
Unemployed	46	9.2	20	5.2	11	2.6
Residence
Urban	396	79.2	343	89.1	389	91.5	<0.0001
Rural	104	20.8	42	10.9	36	8.5
Living three years or fewer in Beijing	221	44.2	168	43.6	184	43.1	0.9440
Mean monthly income (RMB), P12M
None	58	11.6	41	10.7	30	7.0	<0.0001
<1000	47	9.4	19	4.9	11	2.6
1000–2999	271	54.2	173	44.9	144	33.7
3000–4999	80	16.0	64	16.6	137	32.1
≥5000	44	8.8	88	22.9	105	24.6
Have health insurance	236	47.2	209	54.3	229	53.6	0.0590
Self-reported sexual orientation
Homosexual	346	69.2	278	72.2	313	73.3	0.0693
Heterosexual	5	1.0	7	1.8	2	0.5
Bisexual	147	29.4	93	24.2	109	25.5
Do not know	2	0.4	7	1.8	3	0.7
Self-reported preferred role in anal sex with men
Equally	291	59.4	235	63.3	234	56.0	0.3509
Insertive	133	27.1	91	24.5	124	29.7
Receptive	66	13.5	45	12.1	60	14.4
Had male sexual partner, P6M	488	97.6	373	96.9	427	100.0	0.0020
More than five male sex partners, P6M	144	28.8	55	14.3	73	17.1	<0.0001
Type of most recent male partner, P6M
Regular	309	63.3	205	55.0	267	62.5	0.0281
Casual	179	36.7	168	45.0	160	37.5
Venues of founding/meeting last male partner, P6M
Internet/bar/massage/club	306	63.1	274	73.5	300	70.3	0.0033
Bathhouse/sauna/park/public rest room	179	36.9	99	26.5	127	29.7
Venues of sex with last male partner, P6M
Residence/bar/club/hotel	428	87.7	341	91.4	370	86.7	0.0894
Bathhouse/sauna/park/public rest room	60	12.3	32	8.6	57	13.4
Unprotected insertive anal sex with last male partner, P6M	127	36.6	93	38.9	112	40.4	0.6118
Unprotected receptive anal sex with last male partner, P6M	115	40.4	99	50.0	95	42.8	0.1026
Knew the HIV status of most recent male partner	129	26.4	133	35.7	160	37.5	0.0007
Disclosed HIV status to most recent male partner	236	48.4	180	48.3	230	53.9	0.1727
Bisexual	104	20.8	55	14.3	66	15.5	0.0206
Ever had sex with a woman	283	56.6	181	47.0	207	48.5	0.0075
Had female sexual partner, P6M	104	20.8	49	12.7	46	10.8	<0.0001
Unprotected sex with most recent female partner, P6M	75	72.1	41	85.4	35	76.1	0.2024
Knows where to get HIV test	470	94.2	383	99.5	427	100.0	<0.0001
HIV testing history
Never tested	166	33.2	148	38.4	93	21.8	<0.0001
Tested more than one year prior to interview	68	13.6	48	12.5	49	11.5
Tested within the past year	55	11.0	55	14.3	49	11.5
Tested within the past 6 months	142	28.4	102	26.5	197	46.1
Tested within the past 3 months	69	13.8	32	8.3	39	9.1
Received free condoms/lubricant, P12M	436	87.2	267	69.4	330	77.3	<0.0001
Bought condoms, P12M	249	49.8	234	60.8	246	57.6	0.0029
Drug use, P12M	4	0.8	2	0.5	4	0.9	0.7847
Smoking, P12M	217	43.4	154	40.0	153	35.8	0.0640
Level of HIV risk via homosexual contacts for self-perception
Great	63	12.6	28	7.3	42	9.8	0.4414
Moderate	92	18.4	80	20.8	75	17.6
Small	286	57.2	202	52.6	272	63.7
None	59	11.8	74	19.3	38	8.9
Current test HIV positive	36	7.2	38	9.9	30	7.0	0.2433
Current test syphilis positive	110	22.0	47	12.2	45	10.5	<0.0001

∗RMB: renminbi, approximately US $0.15; P12M: in the past 12 months; P6M: in the past 6 months; chi-squared test was used to compare proportions.