The Parameters of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Are Critical to Its Regenerative Effects When Applied Just after a Sciatic Crush Lesion in Mice
Figure 1
Semithin transverse sciatic nerve sections (1,000x magnification). (a) Control group (without nerve injury or stimulation) showing a compacted distribution of nerves fibers, and no signs of lesion; (b) nontreated group (unstimulated injured nerve) showing lower fiber density than normal group, and many axons with dark axoplasm (circles); (c) Low-TENS group (damaged nerve with low-frequency electrical stimulation) displaying fiber diameter, density, and distribution similar to the control group; (d) High-TENS group (damaged nerve with high-frequency stimulation) showing markedly increased endoneurial space (black arrow), which may represent edema. Magnification bar: 10 μm.
